Ethics: Situation Ethics

What were the social influences of the ‘new morality’ of the 20th century?

Social upheaval of the 60’s, civil rights and challenging sexism, including the ‘sexual revolution’.

What were the cultural influences of the ‘new morality’ of the 20th century?

The ‘hippy’ movement with emphasis on peace and love, rejection of materialism.

What were the political influences of the ‘new morality’ of the 20th century?

The Vietnam war led to a rising anti-authoritarian sentiment.

What is ‘agape’?

The Greek term for unconditional and selfless love. To Christian’s it represents the love of God.

What did Fletcher argue about agape?

It should be the defining feature of ethics.

What is situationalism?

Morality should be based on the individual decisions and not ‘rules’.

How does Fletcher apply ethics to a real case study?

A woman lying to Nazis to protect Jews in WW2 is justified as it was the most loving action.

What is a Biblical example for situationalism?

Ministry of Jesus (doing the most loving action in all circumstances) for example: Healing others on the Sabbath day and challenging the Pharisees,

What are 3 strengths of situation ethics?

• Flexibility

• Aligned with Jesus’ teachings

• Focus on love

What are 3 weaknesses for situation ethics?

• Subjective

• Potential for misinterpretation in Biblical quotes

• Conflicts with many religious teachings as it’s based on Christianity

How is situational ethics relevant to todays society?

Adaptable

Outline J. A. T. Robinson

Describes ethics as “Man come of age”, emphasising responsibility of moral decision making.

Outline Fletcher

Argued for a middle ground between legalism and antinomianism- based on the most loving action.

What was Rudolf Bultmann’s influence on situation ethics?

Decided an existentialist approach to the new testament was important. Agreed with Fletcher that love was more important than strict adherence to moral law.

What was Paul Tillich’s influence on situation ethics?

Declared “Love is the ultimate law.” and that love transcends legalistic norms.

What was Reinhold Niebuhr’s contribution to situation ethics?

Advocated for a realistic approach to ethics, recognising complexity in human nature.

How did Karl Barth’s contribute to situation ethics?

All ethical decisions should be made with God’s revelation and love, and even if this breaks rules it’s important.

Explain Josef Fuchs’ contributions to situation ethics

Catholic theologian developed proportionalism and believed ethical decision should be made based on proportionality and love.