Marxism Quotes- Multiple Qs

Which Marx quote from the Afterword to the Second German Edition of Capital Volume One supports the argument that Marx retained Hegel's dialectic but inverted its idealism?

"It [the dialectic] must be turned right side up again, if you would discover the rational kernel in the mystical shell."

Who wrote "It [the dialectic] must be turned right side up again, if you would discover the rational kernel in the mystical shell" and in which text?

Marx, Afterword to the Second German Edition of Capital Volume One

What does Marx's quote that the dialectic "must be turned right side up again" help argue about Hegel's influence on Marx?

Marx retained the dialectic while rejecting Hegel's idealism

What does the "rational kernel" refer to in Marx's quote about Hegel's dialectic?

the valuable dialectical method

Which Marx quote from the Theses on Feuerbach supports the argument that philosophy must move from contemplation to practical transformation?

"The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways

Who wrote "The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways

the point is to change it" and in which text?

What does Marx's quote that "the point is to change" the world help argue against the Young Hegelians?

changing ideas alone does not produce material transformation

What does Marx's quote that philosophers have "only interpreted the world" help argue against Feuerbach's materialism?

sensuous contemplation must become practical activity

Which Marx quote from the 6th Thesis on Feuerbach is central to the debate over whether Marx rejects a fixed human nature?

"The essence of man is no abstraction inherent in each single individual. In reality, it is the ensemble of the social relations."

Who wrote "The essence of man is no abstraction inherent in each single individual. In reality, it is the ensemble of the social relations" and in which text?

Marx, Theses on Feuerbach

How do anti-humanist Marxists use Marx's quote that human essence is "the ensemble of the social relations"?

to argue Marx rejects a fixed human essence

How does Norman Geras interpret Marx's quote that human essence is "the ensemble of the social relations"?

human nature is conditioned and revealed by social relations, not wholly determined by them

Which Marx quote from the 1844 Manuscripts praises Feuerbach's achievement against earlier philosophy?

"true conqueror of the old philosophy"

Who does Marx describe as the "true conqueror of the old philosophy" in the 1844 Manuscripts?

Feuerbach

What does Marx's description of Feuerbach as the "true conqueror of the old philosophy" help demonstrate?

Marx was strongly influenced by Feuerbach despite criticising him

In which Marx text is Feuerbach praised as the "true conqueror of the old philosophy"?

Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

Which Marx quote from the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 directly illustrates alienation from the product of labour?

"the worker relates to the product of his labour as to an alien object"

Who wrote "the worker relates to the product of his labour as to an alien object" and in which text?

Marx, Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

What form of alienation is supported by Marx's quote that the worker relates to the product "as to an alien object"?

alienation from the product

What does Marx's quote that the worker relates to the product "as to an alien object" help argue about capitalist ownership and control?

workers lack ownership and control over what they produce

Which Marx quote from the 1844 Manuscripts directly supports alienation from the activity of labour rather than only its product?

"Alienation shows itself not only in the result, but also in the act of production, inside productive activity itself."

Who wrote "Alienation shows itself not only in the result, but also in the act of production, inside productive activity itself" and in which text?

Marx, Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

What form of alienation does Marx's quote about alienation "inside productive activity itself" support?

alienation from labour activity

Why is Marx's quote that alienation occurs "inside productive activity itself" useful for explaining the breadth of alienation?

alienation affects both the product and process of labour

Which Marx quote from the 1844 Manuscripts illustrates how alienated work prevents worker self-realisation?

"does not confirm himself in his work, he denies himself, feels miserable instead of happy, deploys no free physical and intellectual energy, but mortifies his body and ruins his mind"

Who wrote that the worker "does not confirm himself in his work, he denies himself, feels miserable instead of happy" and in which text?

Marx, Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

What does Marx's quote that the worker "does not confirm himself in his work" help argue about the proper purpose of labour?

labour should enable self-realisation

What does Marx's quote that alienated work "mortifies his body and ruins his mind" illustrate about capitalism?

alienated labour harms workers physically and intellectually

Which Marx quote from the 1844 Manuscripts illustrates the inversion of human and animal functions under alienated labour?

"himself an animal in his human functions"

Who writes that the alienated worker feels "himself an animal in his human functions" and in which text?

Marx, Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

What does Marx mean when he says an alienated worker feels "himself an animal in his human functions"?

distinctly human labour becomes forced and degrading

What contrasting experience accompanies Marx's claim that the worker feels animal in human functions?

the worker feels freely active only in animal functions

Which Marx quote from the 1844 Manuscripts supports the claim that capitalism commodifies the worker as well as the worker's products?

"labour does not only produce commodities

Who wrote "labour does not only produce commodities

it produces itself and the labourer as a commodity" and in which text?

What does Marx's quote that labour produces "the labourer as a commodity" help argue about capitalism?

capitalism commodifies human labour and workers

Which aspect of Marx's alienation theory is supported by the claim that the labourer becomes a commodity?

alienation from species-being

Which Marx quote from the 1844 Manuscripts directly supports alienation from other humans?

"one man is alienated from another as each of them is alienated from the human essence"

Who wrote "one man is alienated from another as each of them is alienated from the human essence" and in which text?

Marx, Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

What form of alienation does Marx's quote that "one man is alienated from another" directly support?

alienation from other humans

What broader social criticism does Marx's quote that "one man is alienated from another" support?

capitalism damages community and social relations

Which Marx quote from Capital Volume One explicitly connects Feuerbach's religious alienation with capitalist alienation?

"As, in religion, man is governed by the products of his own brain, so in capitalist production, he is governed by the products of his own hand."

Who wrote "As, in religion, man is governed by the products of his own brain, so in capitalist production, he is governed by the products of his own hand" and in which text?

Marx, Capital Volume One

What does Marx's comparison between products of the "brain" and products of the "hand" help argue?

human creations can acquire power over their creators

Which concept is illustrated by Marx's comparison of religious and capitalist products governing their creators?

fetishism

Which G A Cohen quote supports the argument that capitalism has a historically progressive role despite causing alienation?

"the great civilizing influence of capital"

Which thinker highlights Marx's description of "the great civilizing influence of capital"?

G A Cohen

What does the phrase "the great civilizing influence of capital" help argue about Marx's assessment of capitalism?

capitalism is historically developmental as well as harmful

How does Cohen use Marx's "great civilizing influence of capital" in the debate over alienation?

alienation can be a cost of historical development

Which G A Cohen quote describes alienation as a cost of escaping pre-capitalist conditions?

"the cost of rescue from envelopment in the nature and social environment which is the human condition before capitalism"

Who describes alienation as "the cost of rescue from envelopment in the nature and social environment which is the human condition before capitalism"?

G A Cohen

What does Cohen's "cost of rescue" quote help argue about capitalism and alienation?

capitalist alienation accompanies historically progressive liberation from earlier conditions

Why is Cohen's "cost of rescue" quote useful against a wholly negative interpretation of capitalism in Marx?

capitalism can be both alienating and historically progressive

Which Marx quote from the Grundrisse is used to reject Adam Smith's conception of labour as inherently burdensome?

"a curse"

Whose conception of labour does Marx criticise as treating labour as "a curse"?

Adam Smith's

In which Marx text is Adam Smith's conception of labour as "a curse" criticised?

Grundrisse

What argument about unalienated labour is supported by Marx's criticism of labour as "a curse"?

productive activity can itself be fulfilling

Which Marx quote from the Grundrisse suggests that humans may positively need productive activity?

"might also require a normal portion of work, and of cessation from rest"

Who wrote that individuals "might also require a normal portion of work, and of cessation from rest" and in which text?

Marx, Grundrisse

What does Marx's quote about requiring "a normal portion of work" help argue about labour?

work need not inherently be an evil

How does Marx's quote about requiring work support his theory of unalienated labour?

productive activity can satisfy human needs for self-realisation

Which Marx quote from Notes on James Mill introduces his positive vision of unalienated production?

"we had produced in a human manner"

Who wrote "we had produced in a human manner" and in which text?

Marx, Notes on James Mill

What does Marx's phrase "produced in a human manner" help illustrate?

a positive vision of unalienated labour

What two kinds of affirmation does Marx's vision of producing "in a human manner" involve?

affirmation of oneself and fellow humans

Which Marx quote from Notes on James Mill describes unalienated productive activity as self-expression?

"an individual expression of my life"

Who describes unalienated productive activity as "an individual expression of my life" and in which text?

Marx, Notes on James Mill

What aspect of unalienated labour does Marx's phrase "an individual expression of my life" support?

self-realisation

What would the product embody if labour became "an individual expression of my life" according to Marx?

the producer's individuality

Which Elster quote defines the self-realisation involved in unalienated labour?

"the full and free actualization and externalization of the powers and abilities of the individual"

Who defines self-realisation as "the full and free actualization and externalization of the powers and abilities of the individual"?

Elster

What does Elster's quote about "full and free actualization" attempt to define?

self-realisation in unalienated labour

What criticism does Elster himself make of the ideal expressed in his "full and free actualization" quote?

full actualisation of individual abilities is infeasible

Which Marx quote from Capital Volume One illustrates the distinctly human capacity for conscious productive planning?

"what distinguishes the worst architect from the best of bees is that the architect builds the cell in his mind before he constructs it in wax"

Who wrote "what distinguishes the worst architect from the best of bees is that the architect builds the cell in his mind before he constructs it in wax" and in which text?

Marx, Capital Volume One

What feature of human nature does Marx's architect-and-bee quote illustrate?

conscious purposeful production

How does Marx's architect-and-bee quote support the concept of species-being?

human production is consciously planned rather than instinctive

Which Marx quote from the 1844 Manuscripts supports the Humanist interpretation that alienation is realised socially?

"The estrangement of man, and in fact every relationship in which man [stands] to himself, is realized and expressed only in the relationship in which a man stands to other men."

Who wrote "The estrangement of man… is realized and expressed only in the relationship in which a man stands to other men" and in which text?

Marx, Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

How does Marx's quote that estrangement is expressed through relations with other people support Marxist Humanism?

the early account already treats human essence as social

How can Marx's quote that estrangement is realised through relations with others be used against Althusser's epistemological-break argument?

the 1844 human essence is already socially constituted

Which longer Marx quote from the 1844 Manuscripts supports the claim that self-estrangement becomes manifest through practical social relationships?

"In the real practical world self-estrangement can only become manifest through the real practical relationship to other men."

Who wrote "In the real practical world self-estrangement can only become manifest through the real practical relationship to other men" and in which text?

Marx, Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

What does Marx's quote that self-estrangement becomes manifest through "real practical relationship to other men" help argue about human essence?

human essence is expressed socially and practically

How does Marx's quote about practical relationships challenge a sharp opposition between the 1844 Manuscripts and the 6th Thesis on Feuerbach?

both can understand human essence through social relations

Which Marx quote from the 6th Thesis is interpreted by anti-humanists as denying a fixed human nature?

"the essence of man is no abstraction inherent in each single individual. In reality, it is the ensemble of the social relations."

Which thinker uses the quote that human essence is "the ensemble of the social relations" to challenge anti-humanist interpretations of Marx?

Norman Geras

How do anti-humanists interpret the phrase "the ensemble of the social relations" in the 6th Thesis?

human nature is entirely determined by social relations

How does Norman Geras reinterpret the phrase "the ensemble of the social relations"?

social relations condition and reveal human nature without eliminating fixed characteristics

Which Marx quote from the 6th Thesis is used by Geras to argue that Marx may object only to an exclusively abstract account of human essence?

"The essence therefore can by him only be regarded as 'species', as an inner 'dumb' generality which unites many individuals only in a natural way"

Who wrote the passage criticising human essence as an inner "'dumb' generality" and in which text?

Marx, Theses on Feuerbach

Which word in Marx's "'dumb' generality" passage is especially important to Geras's interpretation?

"only"

How does Geras use Marx's emphasis on "only" in the "'dumb' generality" passage?

Marx may reject a merely fixed essence rather than fixed human characteristics altogether

Which Marx quote from the 1844 Manuscripts directly connects human life with nature?

"That man's physical and spiritual life is linked to nature means simply that nature is linked to itself, for man is a part of nature."

Who wrote "That man's physical and spiritual life is linked to nature means simply that nature is linked to itself, for man is a part of nature" and in which text?

Marx, Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

What does Marx's quote that "man is a part of nature" help argue about alienation from nature?

estrangement from nature is also estrangement from part of human existence

How does Marx's quote linking human life to nature connect nature with species-being?

human species-life exists as part of nature

Which Marx quote from the 1844 Manuscripts directly links alienation from nature and life activity to alienation from species-being?

"In estranging from man (1) nature, and (2) himself, his own active functions, his life activity, estranged labor estranges the species from man."

Who wrote "In estranging from man (1) nature, and (2) himself… estranged labor estranges the species from man" and in which text?

Marx, Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

What two initial forms of estrangement does Marx identify before saying estranged labour estranges the species from man?

nature and life activity

What does Marx's quote linking nature, life activity and species-being show about his four forms of alienation?

the forms are interconnected