ANEQ 102 Exam 3 CSU

Horses are _____ eaters and _____ eaters

Continues and selective

What is a nutrient?

Any feed constituent that supports the body’s necessary functions.

What is a ruminant?

An animal with a stomach with 4 chambers

What is a non-Ruminant?

An animal with one stomach

Parts of the horse’s digestion.

What is the purpose of the mouth?

Mastification and development of saliva.

What is the Stomach purpose?

Sight of digestion

Protein digestion starts in the…..

Stomach

What is the purpose of the small intestine?

Sight of enzyme digestion and sight of absorption of nutrition.

What is the purpose of the cecum?

Where microbial fermentation occurs and where volatile fatty acids are.

The large intestine includes the ____ and ____.

Large Colon and Small Colon

What is the purpose of the large colon?

VFA synthesis and absorption, and B-vitamins synthesis. 

What is the purpose of the small colon?

Sight of water “re-obsorption” and development of horse apples. 

What are the 6 classes of nutrients?

• Energy

• Lipids

• Protein

• Minerals

• vitamins 

• water

Carbohydrates are the _____

Primary source of energy

What types of minerals are there?

Macrominerals and microminerals.

There are ___ soluble vitamins and ___ soluble Vitamins

Water and fat

What are feedstuffs?

Roughages, concentrates, and supplements.

What is the feedstuff “rule of thumb”?

• Energy

• Protein

• CAP

• Vitamins

What should you consider when choosing roughages?

• Quality

• Nutrient value

• Time of harvest

• What horse may be getting it?

Textured concentrates are_____

Sweet feeds

Processed Concentrates are____

Pelleted/extruded feedstuff

Complete feeds are___

Concentrate and roughage together

What book do we use for horse nutrition info?

“Nutrient Requirements Horses”

What two things should you consider when feeding?

Feed intake and feed selection

Feed intake ranges from __________ of body weight.

1.5% to 3%

supplements should be feed when?

Only when needed

Body scoring ranges from _____

1-9

A body condition of 1 means what?

A horse is emanciated

A body condition score of 5 means what?

Horse is at a desired weight

Body condition score of a 9 means what?

Horse is obese

What are the levels of performance work?

• Light- Western and English pleasure

• Moderate- barrel racing

• Heavy or intense- racing

When choosing feeds you must make choices based on the horses _____

needs

How munch feed should a horse get?

Min. 1.5% body weight Max 3% of body weight

How much forage/roughage should a horse get? 

No less than 1% of BW

Horse should be mostly feed what?

Forages

What should you avoid when it comes to concentrate to forage ratios?

less than 50% forage

More than 50% grain

How much energy from fat is utilized?

90%

Fat decreases what?

• Heat of fermentation

• Build-up of lactic acid during intense work. 

• fatigue

A natural horse diet contains how much fat?

3-4% fat

what are supplements of fat?

• vegetable oil

• rice bran

• animal tallow

Horses have no gall bladder, meaning they can digest a max of how much fat?

20% of fat in total diet

What is a geriatric horse?

Older horses who are declining both mentally and physically.

What decreases in a geriatric horse?

• Fiber digestion

• vitamin production and absorption

• kidney function

• liver function

• immunes system

• amount of teeth

What should you consider when choosing feeds for a geriatric horse?

• highly palatable

• easy to chew

• clean and dust-free

• pelleted pr extracted feeds

• high quality hay

Soaked feeds are good for geriatric horses why?

Mashes are easy to eat.

What are the aims of training programs?

• exercise capacity

• time to onset of fatigue

• performance

• decreasing risk of injury

In equine exercise physiology, these body systems are important

• Cardiovascular system

• muscular system

• thermoregulation

• training and conditioning

What are the types of blood vessels?

• arteries

• veins

• capillaries

Larger hearts allow for more intense exercise.

True or false

true

which horse has the largest heart?

Thorough Bread

Cardiac output equation

Cardiac output (Q)=stroke volume (SV) x HR

Where does the most oxygen go?

The muscles

Maximum O2 uptake

VO2max

Muscular systems functions are…

• Oxygen uptake

• lactate

• Exercise and training

What are the muscular fiber classifications?

• Type 1- slow, pasture

• Type 2- Face/jumping, contraction speed

What is lactate?

energy-ATP production without oxygen

What are the effects of the condition in muscles?

• Increased capillarization

• increased transit time

• increased oxidative capacity

• increased capacity to use fat as fuel

• increased myoglobin

• Increased glycogen

• Increased anaerobic muscle enzymes. 

What are the pathways to get ATP?

• Aerobic

• Anaerobic

What are the important electrolytes?

NA and CI

How much chemical energy is converted to work?

25%

• 75% heat

How does exercising help bones?

• remodeling 

• repair

Daily ingestion of potassium is what?

4000 mmol-150g

How much potassium is lost from sweat?

1.6g/l

What are some training Principles?

• Objectives

• Specificity

• Intesnsity

• Frequency

• Length

• Volume

What are exercises testing?

• lactate threshold

• heart rate