Ch_22_Lecture_Objectives (copy)

What are the parts of the immune system?

Lymph, Lymph Vessels, Lymphoid Tissues/Organs, Lymphoid Cells

What is lymph?

A fluid circulating in the lymphatic system containing water, proteins, immune cells, and waste products.

What is the role of lymph vessels?

To transport lymph throughout the body, preventing backflow and absorbing larger particles.

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

Thymus and Bone Marrow.

What is the function of the thymus?

Crucial for T cell maturation.

What does bone marrow do?

Site for B cell production and generation of innate immune cells.

What are secondary lymphoid organs?

Spleen, Lymph Nodes, Tonsils.

What is the function of the spleen?

Filters blood, removing old red blood cells and activating lymphocytes.

How do lymph nodes function in the immune system?

Act as filters for lymph, trapping pathogens and activating lymphocytes.

Where are tonsils located?

Guard entrances to the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.

What are lymphoid cells?

Include B cells and T cells central to adaptive immunity and natural killer cells in innate immunity.

How do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries?

Lymphatic capillaries have increased permeability and flap-like valves.

What is the cisterna chyli?

An enlarged sac collecting lymph from the lower body.

What is a germinal center?

A microenvironment within lymphoid follicles for B cell proliferation after antigen exposure.

What are the 5 tonsils?

Palatine, Lingual, Pharyngeal (Adenoids), Tubal.

What is MALT?

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue associated with mucosal surfaces.

What are lymph nodes’ characteristics?

Afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels for filtering and activating lymphocytes.

What is the role of the thymus?

Maturation of T cells without pathogen interference.

What does the spleen do?

Blood filtration and lymphocyte activation.

What are the differences between innate and adaptive immunity?

Innate is non-specific and immediate; adaptive is specific and acquired.

What cells initiate lymphocytopoiesis?

Hemopoietic Stem Cells.

What are the 7 types of innate immunity?

Physical Barriers, Phagocytes, Immune Surveillance, Interferons, Complement System, Inflammation, Fever.

What are the 3 types of T cells?

Cytotoxic T Cells, Helper T Cells, Regulatory T Cells.

What type of immunity do cytotoxic T cells provide?

Cell-mediated immunity targeting infected cells.

What type of immunity do B cells provide?

Humoral immunity through antibody production.

What is clonal selection?

Activation of specific B cells leading to proliferation and differentiation.

What are the differences in types of acquired immunity?

Natural vs Artificial, Active vs Passive.

What are the four properties of adaptive immunity?

Specificity, Versatility, Memory, Tolerance.

What are the two types of polypeptide chains in antibodies?

Heavy chains and Light chains.

What are the actions of antibodies?

Neutralization, Opsonization, Complement Activation, Agglutination, Precipitation, ADCC.

What is the primary immune response?

Initial and slower immune response to a pathogen.

What is the secondary immune response?

Faster response due to memory B and T cells.

What is antibody titer?

Measure of antibody concentration indicating immune response strength.

What is the order of cells that appear during an immune response?

Macrophages and dendritic cells first, then Helper T cells and B cells.

What is lymphedema?

Accumulation of lymph fluid in tissues causing swelling.

What is tonsillitis?

Inflammation of the tonsils due to infection.

What is lymphadenitis?

Inflammation of lymph nodes, usually due to infection.

What is anaphylaxis?

A severe allergic reaction with rapid onset symptoms.

What is SCID?

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, a genetic disorder affecting T and B lymphocytes.

What is AIDS?

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome caused by HIV.