HSLS 6020: Ch 1- Models of Child Language Disorders

ASHA definition of language disorders

a significant impairment in the "acquisition and use of language across modalities due to deficits in comprehension and/or production across any of the five language domains"

What were language disorders historically labeled as?

specific language impairment

Define language disorder

all conditions in which language development is compromised

Define Developmental Language Disorder

language is impaired, but no associated biomedical condition is present

What is specific language impairment now known as?

developmental language disorder

DLD 1-2-3 video key takeaways?

1) difficulties talking and understanding words

2) hidden but common (2 children every classroom)

3) support makes a real difference

Franz Josef Gall

first to describe children with poor understanding and use of speech and to differentiate them from those with intellectual disability

Samual T. Orton

"father" of the modern study of child (or developmental language disorders)

Mildred McGinnis

developed the "associative methods," first systematic attempt to teach language to children with disabilities

Murial Morley

instrumental in applying information on normal language development to treating children with language disorder

Who was one of the first individuals to push language and its disorders into the purview of speech therapist?

Murial Morley

Helmer Myklebust

established a new field of practiced dubbed "language pathology"

Noam Chomsky

introduced the theory of transformation of grammar

How do speech, language, and communication impairments often occur?

in the context of another developmental disorder

What needs identified with a child's communicating conditions, risk factors, and co-occuring conditions?

strengths and weaknesses

Language disorder

profile of language deficit that results in functional impairment in everyday life

What are some terms associated with language disorders?

language delay, language disability, specific language impairment, developmental language disorder

What are the parts of CATALISE (Criteria and Terminology Applied to Language Impairments) terminology?

differentiating conditions, risk factors, co-occuring conditions

Differentiating conditions (CATALISE)

biomedical conditions in which language impairment is one of a complex set of symptoms

Risk factors (CATALISE)

pre-existing biological or environmental exposures that have a weak associated with languege performance

Co-occuring conditions (CATALISE)

seen in children with DLD at a much higher rate than expected given their prevalence in the general population

What are the broad aspects and modalities of language disorder?

form, content, use

What are the aspects and modalities of language disorders associated with form?

phonology, morphology, syntax

What are the aspects and modalities of language disorders associated with content?

semantic components of language, vocabulary knowledge, and knowledge of objects and events

What are the aspects and modalities of language disorders associated with use?

pragmatics or the ability to use language in context for social purposes

What are the key linguistic characteristics of DLD associated with form?

deficits in grammar

What are the hallmarks of language disorder across languages and neurodevelopmental conditions?

deficits in grammar

What are the grammatical findings in English for DLD?

omission of morphosyntactic markers of grammatical tense, questions and verb arguments and alternations, difficulty with complex grammar, errors are inconsistent

What are the key linguistic characteristics of DLD associated with content?

impoverished vocabularies

What is the problem with semantics as children with DLD become older?

what they know about words (like that words can have multiple meanings)

What are the key linguistic characteristics of DLD associated with use?

difficulty understanding and applying pragmatic rules

What are some examples of pragmatic language that children with DLD may struggle with?

abstract and figurative language, sharing and understanding narratives

What are the diagnostic issues in DLD?

eligibility, subtypes, diagnostic cutoffs

What is important to consider when classifying disorders?

functional impact

What are the components of functional impact?

body structure or function, activity and participation, contextual factors

What does the neurodiversity movement argue?

that individual differences in a range of human traits, including language and cognition, are a natural and valuable aspect of human experience, not necessarily pathological

What do some advocates of the neurodiversity movement oppose?

intervention and argue that it denies authentic self

What is the goal of therapy?

maximize skills, not cure

What needs integrated in each diagnostic and treatment decision?

assessment information, clinical experience, client and family preferences

Etiology of DLD

there is no one cause, but multiple risk factors

What are the etiologies associated with DLD?

genetic factors, neurobiological factors, environmental factors

What are the cognitive models of DLD?

auditory processing, limited processing capacity, procedural deficits and statistical learning, multiple deficits model

Auditory processing

difficulties processing/perceiving acoustic stimuli

Limited processing capacity

cognitive resource allocation is limited and impacys language

Procedural deficits and statistical learning

ability to learn grammatical rules and detect patterns in input affects automaticity of language learning

Multiple deficit models

DLD is caused by multiple interacting factors

Comorbidity

refers to a situation where a child may experience two or more disorders simultaneously

What are common comorbidities in DLD?

speech sound disorders, reading/writing/spelling disorder, motor incoordination, behavior/emotional disorder, ADHD, autism

Why did the term 'specific languege impairment" fall out of favor?

language disorders rarely occur in issolation