Horticulture 201 Exam 1

The Casparian strip regulates water movement into the vascular tissue of roots.

True

Root hairs are responsible for nutrient absorption in plant roots.

true

The cytoplasm in plant cells is responsible for housing all organelles and facilitating intracellular processes.

true

The primary function of stems is to make taller and hold up

roots primary function is to absorb water from the soil.

Veins in leaves contain:

Mesophyll

Citrus thorns are modified:

Branches (stems)

Dicot stems typically have vascular bundles:

Arranged in a ring

Chlorophyll is found inside the:

 

Chloroplast

The primary function of the cell wall is to:

Provide structural support and protection

Transpiration is the:

Loss of water vapor from leaves

A horticulturist developing crops for drought-prone regions should select plants with:

Thick cuticles, trichomes, and reduced leaf area

The petiole connects the:

Leaf blade to the stem

Which tissue transports sugars?

Phloem

The palisade layer contains the most chloroplasts in a leaf.

True

Stolon, tubers and bulbs are modified stems.

true

The function of stomata is to control gas exchange and water loss in leaves.

true

Potato tubers are NOT modified roots.

They are modified underground stems

The pericycle in roots is responsible for the initiation of lateral roots.

true

Strawberry plants spread by producing:

Stolons

The endodermis regulates:

Water and nutrient movement

Which is NOT a major function of roots?

Anchorage

Nutrient uptake 

Water absorption

photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

Which vascular tissue transports water?

Xylem

Which tissue forms the outer protective layer of the root?

 

Epidermis

An onion is an example of a:

 

Bulb

Which process converts light energy into chemical energy?

Photosynthesis

The Casparian strip is located in the:

Endodermis

A horticulturist developing crops for drought-prone regions should select plants with:

Thick cuticles, trichomes, and reduced leaf area

Root hairs are primarily responsible for:

 

Increasing water absorption

Sugar accumulation is part of physiological changes during fruit development.

true

Secondary growth in roots and stems occurs only in herbaceous plants. FALSE

secondary growth happens primarily in woody plants (like trees and shrubs), not herbaceous ones. TRUE

The vascular cambium produces both secondary xylem and secondary phloem during secondary growth.

true

Lateral buds are responsible for branching and the formation of new shoots.

true

Pruning encourages uniform bud break.

true

Mixed buds are capable of producing:

Both vegetative and reproductive structures

A tomato harvested mature-green later develops red color and improved flavor. This illustrates:

Ripening

During grafting, successful unions require alignment of the:

Vascular cambium

Annual growth rings are formed by production of:

Secondary xylem

Successful pollination depends on:

Viable pollen

Munson's grape breeding program emphasized:

Pest resistance and adaptation to Texas conditions

Which structure protects the root apical meristem as it grows through soil?

Root cap

Vascular cambium is located between the:

Xylem and phloem

The primary function of lateral roots is to:

Increase water and nutrient absorption

Which factor directly influences flowering in many temperate plants?

 

Day length

The photosynthesis equation includes the conversion of light energy into chemical energy.

true

The CAM pathway is highly efficient in energy production but requires high water availability. FALSE

The CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) pathway actually conserves water exceptionally well and is typically found in hot, dry environments like deserts, rather than requiring high water availability. TRUE

C4 and CAM pathways are adaptations to reduce photorespiration.

true

Photosynthesis occurs only in plants.

false

Calculate the amount of glucose produced from photosynthesis based on CO₂ consumption.

Key information:

• CO₂ consumed = 0.006 mol/L/hour

• From the photosynthesis equation, 1 mole of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) requires 6 moles of CO₂.

• Molar mass of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) = 180.16 g/mol

0.18 grams/hour

Which scientist developed the binomial naming system still used today?

Carl Linnaeus

A plant receives abundant water and CO₂ but is kept in complete darkness. Photosynthesis will:

stop

Which molecule captures carbon dioxide during carbon fixation?

 

RuBP

Plants perform cellular respiration primarily to:

Obtain usable energy for cellular activities

Which group of plants is best adapted to arid environments?

CAM plants

flooded soils often damage roots because flooding:

Reduces oxygen available for respiration

Cellular respiration occurs:

Continuously in living plant cells

Which horticultural practice is most likely to increase photosynthesis in a dense greenhouse canopy?

Proper plant spacing to improve light interception

If a leaf lacks chlorophyll, it will:

Be unable to capture light efficiently

Plant hormones are chemical messengers that regulate plant growth, development, and responses to stimuli.

true

Abscisic acid regulates stomatal closure during water stress conditions.

true

Ethylene is involved in the process of postharvest handling of climacteric fruits.

true

2,4-D is a synthetic herbicide that kills broadleaf weeds by mimicking the plant growth hormone auxin.

true

Ethylene is a gaseous hormone that facilitates fruit ripening.

true

Which hormone generally inhibits flowering in woody perennials like apple?

Gibberellins

Plant hormones are also known as:

Phytohormones

Gibberellins increase grape size primarily by:

Increasing the number of pulp cells

Which hormone is mainly responsible for drought responses?

Abscisic acid