Government Final

Mr. Menlove Fall 2025 Final Review for CP&G Government

What is the supreme law of the land?

The Constitution

The idea of self-government is in the first three words of the Constitution. What are these words?

We, the people

What is an amendment?

A change to the constitution

What do we call the first ten amendments to the Constitution?

Bill of Rights

What is one right or freedom from the First Amendment?

Freedom of speech

6. How many amendments does the Constitution have?

27

7. What is the economic system in the United States?

Capitalism

8. Name the 3 branches or parts of the government.

Legislative, Executive, Judicial

9. What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful?

Checks and balances

10. Who is in charge of the executive branch?

President

11. Who makes federal laws?

Congress

What are the two Parts of the U.S. Congress?

Senate & House of Representatives

13. How many U.S. Senators are there?

100

14. We elect a U.S. Senator for how many years?

6

15. Who is one of your state’s U.S. Senators now?

Alex Padilla

The House of Representatives has how many voting members?

435

17. We elect a U.S. Representative for how many years?

2

18. Who does a U.S. Senator represent?

Their state

19. Why do some states have more Representatives than other states?

Higher population

20. We elect a President for how many years?

4

21. In what month do we vote for President?

November

22. What is the name of the President of the United States now?

Donald Trump

23. What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now?

J.D. Vance

24. If the President can no longer serve, who becomes President?

Vice President

25. If both the President and the Vice President can no longer serve, who becomes President?

Speaker of the House

26. Who is the Commander in Chief of the military?

President

28. Who vetoes bills?

President

29. What does the President’s Cabinet do?

Advise the President

30. What are two Cabinet-level positions?

Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense

31. What does the judicial branch do?

Interprets laws

32. What is the highest court in the United States?

Supreme Court

33. How many justices are on the Supreme Court?

9

34. Who is the Chief Justice of the United States now?

John Roberts

35. Who is the Governor of your state now?

Gavin Newsom

36. What are the two major political parties in the United States?

Democratic & Republican

37. What is the political party of the President now?

Republican

39. Name one right only for United States citizens.

Run for office, voting

40. How old do citizens have to be to vote for President?

18

41. When is the last day you can send in federal income tax forms?

April 15th, 2025

42. When must all men register for the Selective Service?

18-26 years old

43. When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?

July 4th, 1776

44. What happened at the Constitutional Convention?

Wrote the Constitution

45. When was the Constitution written?

1787

46. What were The Federalist Papers?

Papers to convince New Yorkers to ratify the Constitution

47. Who is called the “Father of Our Country”?

George Washington

How do justices get appointed to the supreme court?

Selected by the President, confirmed by the Senate

Article I

Legislative

Article II

Executive

Article III

Judicial

Article IV

State Relations

Article V

Amendment Process

Article VI

Supremacy

Article VII

Ratification

Bill of Rights

Protection of individual rights

Amendments

Formal changes to the Constitution

How many members of congress are there in total?

535

What are the qualifications to be a member of congress?

House - 25 years old, U.S citizen for 7 years, live in the state they represent

How many are in the senate?

100

How long do members of the house serve?

2 years

How long do members of the senate serve?

6 years

What are some unique powers of the house?

Initiate impeachment charges, initiate all revenue (tax bills)

What are some unique powers of the senate?

Try all impeachments, ratify treaties, confirm presidential appointments (cabinet, ambassadors, judges, etc.)

What happens to a bill when it passes through one house?

It gets sent to the other house to be voted on by them

Where do most bills die in the process of law making?

Committee

What is the difference between a bill and a law?

A bill has to be passed in order to become a law

What committee exists in the house but not in congress?

Committee of the Whole House

What happens if the president ignores a bill?

Bill automatically becomes a law after 10 days

What is a filibuster and who does it?

Talking for a long time to pause the voting on a bill, a senator does this

Who declares war in our country?

Congress

What are the qualifications to become president?

35 years old, natural born citizen, and 14 years of living in the U.S.

Which 2 amendments specifically deal with the presidency?

22nd Amendment and 25th Amendment

Explain the impeachment process.

House starts a vote, needs a simple majority, then gets sent to the Senate to the judiciary committee, then ⅔ is required in order to impeach

What is the difference between a law and an executive order?

A law is a bill that’s been passed and an executive order is issued by President or Governor and only lasts for their term

What is a dual court system?

Having both federal and state courts

What court is the highest of all?

Supreme Court

How many justices are on the supreme court?

9

How long do members of the supreme court serve for?

For life

What is the rule of 4?

4 justices must agree to hear a case

What is judicial review?

the power to determine the constitutionality of laws or executive actions

Why would the justices choose to hear a case in the supreme court?

Case is of National Importance
Lower Courts Have Invalidated or Conflicted with Federal Law
Decisions Have Been Split in Lower Courts
Presents a New Constitutional Question