Chapter 5 Lecture MCB 244

histology

study of tissues and how they are arranged into organs

what is extracellular matrix made out of

fibrous proteins, ground substance, fluids

ectoderm

outside layer of embryonic tissue that forms skin and nervous system

mesoderm

middle layer of embryonic tissue that turns into gel to build bones, cartilage, blood and muscles.

endoderm

inside layer of embryonic tissue that forms the linings of intestines

longitudinal section

tissue cut on long axis

cross section

tissue cut perpendicular

oblique section

tissue cut at angle between cross and longitudinal

smear

tissue rubbed or spread across slide

spread

tissues laid out on a slide

epithelial tissue

sheet of closely adhering cells, one or more cells thick, with upper surface exposed to environment.

avascular

epith tissue has no blood vessels has underlying connective tissue instead

basement membrane

layer between an epithelium and the underlying connective tissue.

basal surface

surface facing towards basement membrane

apical surface

surface that faces away from the basement membrane

lateral surface

surface between basal and apical surface.

goblet cells

wineglass mucus secreting cells

function of simple squamous

diffusion and transport

location of simple sqamous

aveoli, glomeruli, endothelium, serosa

function of cuboidal

absorption and secretion- mucus PRODUCTION

location of cuboidal

liver, thyroid, glands, kidney tubules, bronchioles

function of columnar

absorption, SECRETION of mucus

psuedostratified columnar

looks multilayered, but isnt. secretes and propels mucus

location of pseudo

respiratory tract and male urethra

stratified epihelia

multilayered cell layers

keratinized stratified epithelia

found on skin surface, abrasion resistant, found in epidermis, palms and soles

nonkeratinized stratified

dosen’t have a surface layer of dead cells.

stratified cuboidal

secretes sweat, produces sperm and ovarian hormones. found in sweat gland cuts, ovarian follicles.

urothelium

allows for filling of urinary tract, locations in uterer and bladder

connective tissue

bind organs, support, protection, movement, storage, transport, heat production

fibroblast

produce fibers and ground substance

macrophages

engulf foreign material and activate immune system when foreign matter comes

leukocytes

function in immune defense.

plasma cells

synthesize antibodies

mast cells

secrete heparin to inhibit clotting and histamine to dilate blood vessels.

adipocytes

fat cells

collagenous fiber

tough, flexible, stretch resistance. tendons, ligaments, deep skin layer

reticular fibers

collagen fibers coated with glycoprotein, form spleen and lymph nodes

elastic fibers

thinner, made of elastin, allow for stretch and recoil.

GAGs

regulate water and electrolye balance of tissues (in ground substance)

proteoglycans

shaped like brushes, form gravy-like colloids that hold tissues together

adhesive glycoproteins

bind components of tissue tgoether

loose connective tissue

mostly ground substance in space surrounding cells

dense connective tissue

fibers in space surrounding cells

areolar tissue

loose connective tissue, in blood vessels.

reticular tissue

forms supportive framework for lymphatic organs, found in lymph nodes,spleen, thymus, and bone marrow.

dense regular

elastic tissue forms wavy sheets, packed fibers, found in tendons and ligaments

dense irregular

densely packed, withstands unpredictable stress, in deep layer of skin.

white adipose tissue

provides thermal insulations, cushions organs, contributes to body contours

brown adipose

found in children, heat generating tissue

cartilage

stiff connective tissue with a rubbery matrix. gives shape to ear, tip of nose, and larynx

chondroblasts

cartilage cells that produce matrix

chondrocytes

cartilage cells that are trapped in cavities

perichrondrium

sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds elastic and hyaline cartilage.

hyaline cartilage

clear, glassy, allows for joint movement, holds airway open, moves vocal cords. Found in articular cartilage, trachea, larynx , fetal skeleton