T5-T6 Skull Landmarks/Vertebral Column (ALL WITHIN ONE)

intro to skull/vertebrate

What Region is this

Thoracic

What Region is this

Lumbar

What vertebra?

C1 (‘ATLAS’)

What Region is this

Cervical

Which Region does this vertebra belong too?

CEREVICAL (MID-CEREVICAL REIGION)

Which Region does this vertebra belong too?

THORAIC (MID-THORAIC-REIGION)

Which Region does this vertebra belong too?

LUMBAR (MID-LUMBAR REGION)

What Vertebra?

C2 (THE ‘AXIS’)

What Vertebra?

Sacrum

What Vertebra?

Coccyx (LOWEST region)

What Facial Bone / How many per?

Palatine Bones > 2-per; left/right

What Facial Bone / How many per?

Zygomatic Bones > 2-per; left/right

What Facial Bone / How many per?

Inferior Nasal Conchae (2-PER)

What Facial Bone / How many per?

Nasal Bones > 2-per; left/right

What Facial Bone / How many per?

Lacrimal Bones > 2-per; left/right

What Facial bone / how many per?

Vomer; 1-per

What is a Fissure?

An Opening in the SKULL > allows for the passage of NERVES/BLOOD = between OUTSIDE/INSIDE of skull

MORE ‘SLIT-LIKE’ THAN ‘OVAL’ LIKE FISSURE

What is the Foramen?

Opening in SKULL > allows for passage of nerves/blood vessles between INSIDE/OUTSIDE of skull

More OVAL/ROUND than ‘SLIT-LIKE’ FORAMEN

What is a Canal

Tunnel/ENCLOSED passageway > in SKULL = travel through the bone to ALLOW FOR NERVES/BLOOD VESSLES (between OUTSIDE/INSIDE)

What is a Process?

a PROJECTION/OUTGROWTH of bone

What is a Fossa?

a shallow/DEPRESSION in bone

What is a Condyle

a ROUND-ISH ending of BONE

What is a Facet?

a FLATTENED-ENDING bone > ARTICULATES/CONNECTS with ANOTHER bone at JOINT

FACET USAULLY refers to FACET JOINTS in VERTEBRAL COLUMNN

The Acronym ‘CN’ means what?

CRANIAL NERVE

NUMBERS IN ROMAN NUERMIARLS

What Cranial Bone?

Parietal Bone > 2 (LEFT/RIGHT)

What Cranial bone?

OCCIPTAL > 1 (ALL POSTERIOR)

What Cranial bone is this?

FRONTAL > 1 (ANTERIORLY)

What cranial Bone is this?

Temporal bone > 2 (LEFT/RIGHT)

What cranial bone is this?

Sphenoid Bone > (1 BONE) (DEPRESSED ANGLE)

What cranial bone is this?

ETHMOID > 1 (superior to Sphenoid)

What landmark in the Temporal Region is this?

External Auditory Meatus

What landmark in the Temporal Region is this?

Mastoid Process

Significance; attachment for Sternocleidomastoid

What landmark in the Temporal Region is this?

Stylomastoid Foramen

Clinical Note; INFLAMATTION of facial nerve passing through stylomastoid foramen may result in BELL PALSY > UNABLE TO CREATE FACIAL EXPRESSIONS

What landmark in the Temporal Region is this?

Mandibular Fossa

What landmark in the Temporal Region is this?

Jugular Foramen

What landmark in the Temporal Region is this?

Carotid Canal

What landmark in the Frontal Region

Glabella

What landmark in the Occipital Region

External Occipital Protuberance

What landmark in the Occipital Region

Foramen Magnum

What landmark in the Occipital Region

Occipital Condyles

What landmark in the Sphenoid Region?

Greater Wings

What landmark in the Sphenoid Region?

Lesser Wings

What landmark in the Sphenoid Region?

Sella Turcica

What landmark in the Sphenoid Region?

Optic Foramen

What landmark in the Sphenoid Region?

Superior Orbital Fissure

What landmark in the Sphenoid Region?

Foramen Ovale

What landmark in the Ethmoid Region?

Chista Galli

What landmark in the Ethmoid Region?

Cribriform Plate

What landmark in the Ethmoid Region?

Perpendicular Plate

What landmark in the Ethmoid Region?

Superior/Middle NASAL CONCHAE / SUPERIOR/MIDDLE TURBINATES (2-PER)

What Facial Bone is this?

Inferior Nasal Conchae (2-per)

What Facial Bone is this?

NASEL-BONES (2-PER)

What Facial Bone is this?

Lacriminal Bones (2-per)

What Facial Bone is this?

Vomer (1-per)

What Facial Bone is this?

Zygomatic (2-per; LEFT/RIGHT)

What Facial Bone is this?

Palatine (2-per LEFT/RIGHT)

What Facial Bone is this?

Maxilla (1-per)

What Facial Bone is this?

Mandible (1-per)

What Facial Bone is this?

Hyoid (1-per)

What Facial Landmark is this?

LACRIMA FOSSA

Located @ Lacrimal Bone

What Facial Landmark is this?

Palatine Process (2-per)

Located @ Maxilla Bone

Clinical Note: Cleft Palate > condition where Palatine Process + Maxilla Bone = dont fuse togerther PROPERLY casuing deformation of the mouth:

What Facial Landmark is this?

Ramus

Located @ Mandible Bone

What Facial Landmark is this?

Angle of Mandible

What Facial Landmark is this?

Mental Protuberance

Located @ Mandible (*anteriorly)

What Facial Landmark is this?

Condylar Process

Located @ Mandible

Projects to FORM > Temporomandibular Joint

What Facial Landmark is this?

Coronoid Process (2-per)

Located @ Mandible

What Facial Landmark is this?

Mandibular Foramen (2-per)

Located @ Mandible

What Structure is this on the Face?

Orbit of the EYE

Located > near the eyes;

Main Function; is a eye-socket > Houses the eyeball

What Structure is this on the Face?

Zygomatic arch

What Structure is this on the Face?

Nasal Septum

What Cranial or Neck Joint is this?

Coronal Suture (1)

What Cranial or Neck Joint is this?

Saggital Suture (1)

What Cranial or Neck Joint is this?

Lambdoidal Suture (1)

What Cranial or Neck Joint is this?

Squamous Sutures (2)

What Cranial or Neck Joint is this?

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

What Cranial or Neck Joint is this?

Gomphosis Joint > (multitude)

WITHIN > the CANALS OF TEETH

What Cranial or Neck Joint is this?

Atlanto-Occipital Joint (1)

What Cranial or Neck Joint is this?

Atlantoaxial Joint (1)

What Joint is this?

Intervertebral FACET joints of CEREVICAL SPINE (several)

What Joint is this?

Intervertebral Discs of the Cervicale Spine

What ligament?

Interspinous ligament

What Cranial or Neck Ligament is this?

Ligamentum Nuchae

Located @ > Cerevical region of VERTEBRA COLUMN

What are the main movements of the face?

1. Facial Expression

2. Chewing / Mvmt of Jaw/ Tongue

3. Moving Eyeball

What are the main movement of the Neck?

1. Flexion/Extension @ Atlanato-occipital joint > at the CEREVICAL INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS

2. Right/Left rotation of head/neck @ Atlantiaxial-joint @ cerevical intervertebral-joints

3. Right/Left - side flexion (*Lateral Flexion*) > of head/neck @ atlanto-occipital joint @ CEREVICAL INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS

What Cranial Nerve Is this?

Olfactory Nerve I

SENSORY Function: Smell

What Cranial Nerve Is this?

Optic Nerve II

SENSORY Function: Vision

What Cranial Nerve Is this?

Oculomotor Nerve III

MOTOR Function: MOTOR (Somatic VOLUNTARY ACTION of EYE MUSCLES)

What Cranial Nerve Is this?

Trochlear Nerve IV

MOTOR Function: (Control the Movement of EYE MUSCLES > *Superior Oblique

• Primarily downward rotations

What Cranial Nerve Is this?

Trigeminal Nerve V

MIXED Function: (MOTOR > Mastication *chewing*) / SENSORY > SKIN/SCALP

Provides sensation to the face and mouth, and controls chewing. 

What Cranial Nerve Is this?

Abducens Nerve VI

MOTOR Function: Motor > Eye Muscles (Lateral Rectus)

What Cranial Nerve Is this?

Facial Nerve VII

MIXED Function: (in-class > MOTOR = MVMT OF MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION)

• Controls facial expressions, provides taste to the front of the tongue, and stimulates tear gland

What Cranial Nerve Is this?

Vestibulocochlear Nerve VIII

SENSORY Function: Inputs of BALANCE/HEAD POSITION

What Cranial Nerve Is this?

Glossopharyngeal Nerve IX

MIXED Function: (MOTOR/SOMATIC) > muscles of PHARYNX > aids in swallowing

MOTOR/PARASYMPAHTIC > salivary gland

SENSORY > taste from 1/3 of TONGUE

SENSORY > input for O2/C02 = (Chemoreceptors detects chemical changes) / BLOOD PRESSURE = (Bareceptors)

What Cranial Nerve Is this?

Vagus Nerve X

MIXED Function: (Regulates internal organs like the heart and digestive system, as well as speech and swallowing)

(MOTOR/SOMATIC) > aids in muscles of pharynx/larynx = SWALLOWING/SPEAKING

(MOTOR/PARASYMPATHETIC) > aids in CONTRACTION of smooth/cardiac muscle (within *gi tract / respiratory tract)

(SENSORY) > input for O2/CO2 -(Chemoreceptors)

BLOOD PRESSURE - (Barorecptors)

VISERAL ORGAN SENSATIONS

What Cranial Nerve Is this?

Acessory Nerve XI

Motor Function: (moves the STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID/TRAPEZIUS > MUSCLES)

• Moves muscles in the back of NECK/SHOULDER

What Cranial Nerve Is this?

Hypoglossal Nerve XII

Motor Function: (MOVES THE TONGUE)

What muscle is this, its action and INNERVATION

Orbicularis Oculi

(Cranial Nerve VII)

Closes eyelids

What muscle is this, its action and INNERVATION

Orbicularis Oris

Facial Nerve VII

closes / compresses lips

What muscle is this, its action and INNERVATION

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

Cranial Nerve III

Raises Eyelid / (during upward gaze)

What muscle is this, its action and INNERVATION

Frontalis

Cranial Nerve VII

Elevates Eyebrows / Wrinkles Forehead