ENTM100 Lab 8

Diptera

• two wings

• two membranous wings (1 pair)

• modified hindwings (halteres)

Modified hindwings (halteres)

• function as balance organ

Diptera suborders

1. Nematocera

2. Brachycera

Nematocera (diptera suborder)

• long legs

• long antennae

• slender bodies

Think need motomoto = long

nematocera

think cera played the dip guy so

nematocera

Brachycera

• short antennae

• stout bodies

think achy breaky heart= brachycera = short

cera = dip guy

3 types of mouthparts modified for feeding on fluids

1. Piercing-sucking (mosquitoes)

2. Cutting-sponging mouthparts (horseflies)

Piercing-sucking mouthparts (mosquitoes)

• Mandibles and maxillae form food and salivary canal

  • Stylets

• Blood feeders

• also have labium

Piercing-sucking mouthparts (mosquitoes) in depth

• Saliva = anesthetic to deaden pain

• Anticoagulant - prevent clotting

think how salivary canal and food canal (if have saliva, have food)

• this is form by mandibles and maxillae (man brings food)

for blood feeders part: there is anticoagulant (prevent clotting)

• think for blood, you want to prevent loss of it, so anti

• coa = boa = clotting so prevent clotting

think PS theres a mosquito behind you

Cutting sponging mouthparts (horseflies)

• cut the skin and sponge up the blood. Mandibles & maxillae.

  • similar to blades or have teeth

  • think spongebob vs doodlebob (sponge = teeth)

think sponge is cut up (beat up) when its hoarse or old

• Labium is a modified sponge.

  • Sponge - labellum

• think you cant f that lab dawg, dirty = sponge (modify)

Sponging mouthparts (houseflies)

• Labium is modified sponge (labellum)

• Mandibles and maxillae are lost (no cutting so mandibles and maxillae are gone)

• Secrete saliva for external digestion (sponge up liquid)

• think how there is a sponge in the house

• (not to be confused with cutting sponge when hoarse

think how you can’t bring man or max into the house (housefly)

• think how can’t bring cutting into the house

so they have to secretly give something outside for di/guy

• ecrete saliva for external digestion (sponge up liquid)

Diptera (flies) larvae (PRIMITIVE / UNADVANCED) description

1. no legs

2. Primitive forms with head = larvae = well-developed head

think how if have a really good head, then no good legs

Diptera (flies) larvae (ADVANCED) description

• maggots

• have reduced head (think how our heads got smaller)

• Have only mandibles for shredding food and sucking it in.

think mag = man = so has mandibles. if real man, shreds.

Diptera (flies) (Pupae) description

• in puparium

  • hard barrel-shape structure formed from last larval cuticle

• think puparium like aquarium, do a barrell role in the awater

pupa —> puparium

Diptera (habits)

• Adults often active during the day

  • Excellent fliers (think how its in name)

• Eggs laid in larval habitat (place no legs)

  • Larvae are not mobile (larvae has not legs)

• Larval habitat semi-aquatic

  • Water, rotting plants, moist dung, dead animals)

• Adults feed on nectar, blood, rotting material, dung

• Adults are predators (ectoparasites) (some species)

• Larvae are herbivores, fungivores, predators, parasitoids, and endoparasites (not ectoparasites)

Dip = feed on NBDR (not bad doctor rip) Dip = doctor rip

• Nectar

• Blood

• Dung

• Rotting material

Hippoboscidae (family)

Ectoparasites

Think how hippo vs. bose. have to stay outside idk

Asilidae (family) (robber flies)

Asil = window sill = where robbers come into

• Predators

Agromyzidae

• herbivores

Syrphidae

• Predators

Parasitoids

• Tachinidae

• Cryptochetidae

Family Culicidae

• Mosquitoes

Family Simuliidae

• Black flies

Family Tabanidae

• Horse flies

• Deer flies

Family Muscidae

• House flies

Family Calliphoridae

• Blow flies

Family Tephritidae

• Fruit flies

Drosophilidae

• Vinegar flies

Mosquitoes (Family Culicidae)

• Vector for many diseases)

  • Zika virus

  • West Nile Virus

  • Dengue

  • Malaria

  • Many more!

• Deadliest animal on the planet

think how mosquiTOE = cue lick = culicidae

Black Flies (Simuliidae)

• Nuisance swarms

• Don’t vector human disease in U.S.

• Vector nematode that causes river blindness in Africa and parts of Central/South America

think how U.S. be controversial so they don’t carry disease ig

think how BF = simulate = simuliidae

Horse Flies and Deer Flies

• Family Tabanidae

• Can vector some diseases, mostly livestock

  • Tularemia

  • Anthrax

  • Loa loa

think how horses and deer are livestock

think how tab = multiple tabs (so horse and deer flies) think HD

• think tab = computer so HD (horse flies and deer flies)

House flies

• musca domestica

• (Family Muscidae)

• Not blood-feeding but can passively vector some diseases associated with feces

• House fly eggs are red (think how eyes red = zing idk)

think how in the house, no vampires but can pieces of shiz can screw you over

Blowflies (Family