Chapter 07: Bones and Bone Tissue

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions from Chapter 06 on Bones and Bone Tissue.

Skeletal System

Includes bones, joints, and supporting tissues.

Bone Marrow

A tissue within bones, consisting of red and yellow marrow; involved in blood cell formation.

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation that occurs in red bone marrow.

Osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells that secrete the bone matrix and aid in mineralization.

Osteoclasts

Bone-resorbing cells that secrete enzymes and hydrogen ions to break down bone.

Intramembranous Ossification

Bone development from mesenchymal tissues; primarily forms flat bones, including the skull.

Endochondral Ossification

Bone development from a cartilage model; most long bones form this way.

Compact Bone

The dense outer layer of bone that provides strength and is organized into osteons.

Spongy Bone

The inner, lighter bone that consists of a honeycomb-like structure, housing marrow.

Epiphyseal Plate

Growth plate that allows for the lengthening of long bones during childhood.

Hydroxyapatite

A mineral compound that gives bone its hardness and strength.

Bone remodeling

The process of bone formation and resorption, maintaining bone health and calcium levels.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by reduced bone density and increased fracture risk.

Fracture Types

Includes simple (closed), compound (open), spiral, comminuted, avulsion, and greenstick fractures.

Calcium Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable calcium levels in the blood, regulated by hormones such as parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.

Longitudinal Growth

Increase in length of long bones due to growth at the epiphyseal plate.

Appositional Growth

Increase in diameter of bones through the addition of bone matrix by osteoblasts.

Bone Callus

A mass of tissue that forms during fracture healing, initially made up of primary bone.