Disease Detectives, Science Olympiad

John Snow

Father of field epidemiology. Broad street pump cholera outbreak in London.

Edward Jenner

Developed a vaccine for smallpox in 1796 with cowpox.

William Farr

Developed a modern vital statistics system

Louis Pasteur

Anthrax vaccine.

Robert Koch

Developed Koch's postulates.

Epidemiology Triad

host, agent, environment

Case Definition Triad

Person, Place, Time.

Endemic

A disease that is particular to a locality or region.

Outbreak

More cases of a particular disease than expected in a given area or among a specialized group of people over a particular period of time.

Epidemic

A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease.

pandemic

Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.

Primary Prevention

Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring.

Secondary Prevention

Efforts to limit the effects of an injury or illness that you cannot completely prevent.

Tertiary Prevention

actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability has progressed beyond its early stages

Cohort Study

Relative Risk

Case Control

Odds Ratio

passive surveillance

collects reports of notifiable disease diagnoses from medical laboratories

active surveillance

data actively collected, more specific objective, information-gathering tools (questionnaires etc), more useful in epidemiological research than passive.

Sentinel Surveillance

Using a sentinels to find out cases. Finding certain cases in the environment.

Syndromic

A collection of symptoms, anomalies, and signs all having a common cause