wrist and hand test

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering wrist and hand range of motion alignment, normal values, end feels, manual muscle testing positions and hand placements, complete MMT grades, special tests, and standard clinical abbreviations from lecture notes.

Wrist Flexion ROM Axis

Lateral aspect of the wrist over the triquetrum

Wrist Flexion ROM Stationary Arm

Lateral midlines of the ulna using the olecranon and ulnar styloid process for reference

Wrist Flexion ROM Moveable Arm

Lateral midline of the fifth metacarpal

Wrist Extension ROM Axis

Lateral aspect of the wrist over the triquetrum

Wrist Ulnar Deviation ROM Axis

Over the middles of the dorsal aspect of the third metacarpal

Wrist Radial Deviation ROM Axis

Over the middle of the dorsal aspect of the wrist over the capitate

Wrist Flexion AROM Norm

$$0-80\text{ degrees}$$

Wrist Extension AROM Norm

$$0-70\text{ degrees}$$

Wrist Radial Deviation AROM Norm

$$0-20\text{ degrees}$$

Wrist Ulnar Deviation AROM Norm

$$0-30\text{ degrees}$$

Wrist Flexion Normal End Feel

Firm

Wrist Extension Normal End Feel

Firm

Wrist Radial Deviation Normal End Feel

Firm or hard

Wrist Ulnar Deviation Normal End Feel

Firm

Abnormal End Feels

Bony block, muscle spasm, empty, springy block, boggy

Wrist Flexion MMT Resistance Placement

Over the palm of the hand

Wrist Extension MMT Resistance Placement

Dorsal aspect of the hand over the metacarpals

Wrist Ulnar Deviation MMT Resistance Placement

Dorsal aspect of the hand over the second and third metacarpals

Wrist Radial Deviation MMT Resistance Placement

Over the hypothenar eminence

Zero MMT Grade

$0/5$ - no movement, no muscle activity

Trace

$1/5$ - no movement, muscle activity

Poor Minus

$2-/5$ - unable to complete full ROM in GE

Poor

$2/5$ - full ROM in GE

Poor Plus MMT Grade

$2+/5$ - Initiates movement AG

Fair Minus

$3-/5$ - at least $\frac{1}{2}$ ROM AG

Fair

3/5 - Full ROM AG

Fair Plus MMT Grade

$3+/5$ - full ROM AG with MIN resistance

Good Minus

$4-/5$ - full ROM AG with min/mod resistance

Good MMT Grade

$4/5$ - full ROM AG with mod resistance

Good Plus

$4+/5$ - full ROM AG with mod/max resistance

Normal

$5/5$ - full ROM AG with max resistance

Phalen's Test patient postion

Patient in sitting or standing, therapist flexes patient's wrist maximally for $60\text{ seconds}$.

Finkelstein Test patient position

Patient in sitting or standing, makes a fist with thumb tucked inside fingers; therapist stabilizes forearm and ulnarly deviates wrist.

Mod A

$50\%$ clinician, $50\%$ patient

Min A

$25\%$ clinician, $75\%$ patient

Max A

$75\%$ clinician, $25\%$ patient

TA

$100\%$ clinician

Reliability

Consistency and repeatability

Validity

Accuracy and whether a measure actually captures what it is supposed to measure

MCP

Metacarpal phalangeal

PIP

Proximal interphalangeal joint

DIP

Distal interphalangeal joint

BSC

Bed side commode

CGA

Contact guard assist

SBA

Stand by assist

Phalen's Test positive indication

Positive test indicates tingling in thumb, index finger, middle finger, and lateral half of ring finger, suggesting carpal tunnel syndrome due to median nerve compression.

Finkelstein Test positive indication

Positive test indicates pain over abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons, suggesting tenosynovitis in the thumb.