topic 1

Monomers

Small units that are the building blocks of larger molecules, examples include monosaccharides, amino acids, and nucleotides.

Polymers

Molecules made from many monomers joined together.

Condensation reaction

Chemical reaction where monomers are joined by a bond with the elimination of a water molecule.

Hydrolysis

Chemical reaction where water is added to break a bond between two molecules.

Carbohydrates

Molecules consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, forming long chains of sugar units called saccharides.

Monosaccharides

Single sugar units, such as glucose, galactose, and fructose, with the general formula (CH2O)n.

Disaccharides

Molecules formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides, producing a water molecule in the process.

Glycosidic bond

Bond formed in a condensation reaction to join saccharide units in carbohydrates.