unit 1 - chemistry of life and properties of water

what are the types of macromolecules

A large, complex molecule typically composed of smaller building blocks, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which play essential roles in biological processes.

organic compound

molecules containing carbon

protein

A macromolecule made up of amino acids that performs a variety of functions in the body, including serving as enzymes, structural components, and hormones.

carbohydrate

made of CHO - ring structures

lipid

made of CHOP. all nonpolar, no specific monomers/polymers, structural carbohydrae, found in cell wall, hard to break down because linear chain

where in a cell is dna found

nucleus

where do most chemical reactions happen in a cell

cytoplasm

where is energy released in cell resp

mitochondria

where are proteins made in a cell

ribosomes

what is the function of a vacuole

storage

where are stem cells found -human

bone marrow

what gas goes into the cell for respiration

oxygen

water is what kind of molecule

polar

what kind of bonds are hydrogen bonds

weak intermolecular bonds

what is an intramolecular force

bond between two elements 9STRONG)

what is an intermolecular force

forces between molecules (WeAK)

Cohesion

bonds between water molecules

Adhesion

bonds between water molecules and other polar molecules

dehydration synthesis

enzymes pull of a hydroxyl group off one monomer

hydrogen bonding seen in DNA

hydrogen bonds holt the two strands of DNA toegther by connecting the base pairs

hydrogen bonding seen in RNA

hydrogen bonds help RNA fold into the right shape

Proteins

hydrogen bonds help proteins fold into their 3D shapes which is super important for how they work

hydrolysis

The process of breaking down polymers into monomers through the addition of water.