AP EURO - leq unit 3 key facts (new imperialism)

Treaty of Nanking

Gave Hong Kong to Britain and four treaty ports opened to British trade, including Canton and Shanghai

Cape-to-Cairo

Developed by Cecil Rhodes, prime minister of South Africa, aimed to expand British control across the African continent, from Cairo, Egypt to Cape of Good Hope in South Africa, which beneficially ran along the coast of Africa for trade

Gunga Din

Written by Rudyard Kipling (also author of White Mans burden), was about a British soldier being rescued by an Indian water body after getting a shot at in the stomach, the Indian boy later died while bringing the soldier to safety.

J.A. Hobson

He was the most prominent of anti-imperialist theorists. He believed that imperialism only benefitted the wealthy and that the imperial desire for new markets could be subsided if the government raised the wages of their workers so that the workers can afford to buy their own country’s goods.

White Man’s Burden

Developed by Rudyard Kipling. This was a racist and patronizing view that portrayed Europeans as “superior” and that they had a duty to spread their culture to the “uncivilized” people of other countries.

Sepoy Mutiny

When Hindu and Muslim soldiers were forced into serving the British Army, they were required to bit the tip of bullets to use the guns, however, the guns were greased in cow and pork fat, which were sacrilegious items to consume in the Hinduism and Islam religions, thus majorly disrespecting the soldiers and inciting a rebellion.

Social Darwinism

Developed by Herbert Spencer. This rationalized Darwin’s idea of natural evolution through the “survival of the fittest” to justify that more superior/ civilized and stronger peoples should and can conquer “weaker” peoples.

Meiji Restoration

The Meiji Restoration was a major modernization effort by Japan, consisting of improvements in infrastructure and social reforms such as removing samurai privileges, to avoid being colonized and to compete with imperial powers.

Open Door Policy

This was developed by the US. by secretary of state, John Hay, which stated that no imperial power could establish an absolute sphere of influence in China or interfere with another country’s treaty ports.