Summer AP Human Week 2

Population

The total number of people living in an area.

Population Density

The number of people living per unit of land.

Arithmetic Density

The total population divided by total land area.

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit of arable land.

Agricultural Density

The number of farmers per unit of arable land.

Demography

The scientific study of populations.

Birth Rate

The number of live births per 1,000 people each year.

Death Rate

The number of deaths per 1,000 people each year.

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The difference between the birth rate and death rate.

Doubling Time

The number of years it takes for a population to double.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman is expected to have.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The number of infant deaths under age one per 1,000 live births.

Life Expectancy

The average number of years a person is expected to live.

Dependency Ratio

The ratio of dependents to the working-age population.

Population Pyramid

A graph showing the age and sex distribution of a population.

Demographic Transition Model

A model showing how population changes as a country develops.

Stage 1

High birth rates and high death rates with little population growth.

Stage 2

High birth rates, declining death rates, and rapid population growth.

Stage 3

Declining birth rates and slower population growth.

Stage 4

Low birth rates and low death rates with stable population.

Stage 5

A possible stage with declining population due to very low birth rates.

Carrying Capacity

The largest population an environment can support.

Overpopulation

When a population exceeds available resources.

Underpopulation

When there are too few people to fully use available resources.

Epidemiological Transition Model

A model explaining changes in causes of death over time.