Studied by 26 people
Song Dynasty
(960-1279 CE) The Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts other than military.
Confucianism
The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.
imperial bureaucracy
A vast organization in which appointed officials carried out the empire's policies.
meritocracy
a system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement
grand canal
Man made waterway that linked northern and southern China; spurred economic development, overall prosperity and population growth
champa rice
Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season. Originally introduced into Champa from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift as part of the tributary system
proto-industrialization
an early stage before industrialization in which a rural or agrarian economy is producing goods in large numbers to sell, but has not yet adopted factories or machinery.
artisan
a worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand.
tribute system
Chinese method of dealing with foreign lands and peoples that assumed the subordination of all non-Chinese authorities and required the payment of tribute—produce of value from their countries—to the Chinese emperor
scholar gentry
in China, a group of people who controlled much of the land and produced most of the candidates for civil service
foot binding
Chinese practice of tightly wrapping girls' feet to keep them small, begun in the Tang dynasty; an emphasis on small size and delicacy was central to views of female beauty.
Buddhism
Belief system that started in India in the 500s BC. Happiness can be achieved through removal of one's desires. Believers seek enlightenment and the overcoming of suffering.
theravada buddhism
the oldest of the two major branches of Buddhism. Practiced mainly in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burma, and Cambodia, its beliefs are relatively conservative, holding close to the original teachings of the Buddha
mahayana buddhism
"Great Vehicle" branch of Buddhism followed in China, Japan, and Central Asia. The focus is on reverence for Buddha and for bodhisattvas, enlightened persons who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightenment.
neo-confucianism
A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and Daoist elements.
japan
East Asian empire defined in 1200-1450 by its feudalism; island location allowed for more controlled, selective adaptation of Chinese influences
Korea
East Asian empire in 1200-1450 that maintained a close tributary relationship with China; the power of its elites prevented elements such as a merit-based system from developing
Vietnam
East Asia empire in 1200-1450 that had an adversarial relationship with China; scholar-officials often led revolts against governments perceived as too oppressive
people of the book
what Muslims called Christians and Jews which means that they too only believe in one god
dar al-islam
an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule
muhammed
the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632)
islam
A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.
abbasid caliphate
third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. The rulers who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphs. In started in 750 CE. It flourished for two centuries, but slowly went into decline with the rise to power of the Turkish army it had created, the Mamluks. In the 13th century the Mongols displaced them.
Mamluks
Muslim slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance
Seljuk Turks
nomadic Turks from Asia who conquered Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the caliph to remain only as a religious leader. they governed strictly
House of wisdom
Combination library, academy, and translation center in Baghdad established in the 800s.
Nasir al-din al-tusi
Celebrated Islamic scholar during the "golden age" of Islam in Baghdad. He made contributions to astronomy (built the most advanced observatory in the world & accurate astronomical charts) law. ethics, mathematics, philosophy and medicine.
‘a’ishah al-ba’uniyyah
A Sufi master and poet. She is one of few medieval female Islamic mystics to have recorded their own views in writing, and she "probably composed more works in Arabic than any other woman prior to the twentieth century". She was born and died in Damascus in the 16th century.
sufis
Muslim mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions
Rajput kingdoms
Hindu kingdoms that were created after the fall of the Gupta Empire. They were often at war with each other, so a new centralized government didn't form.
Delhi Sultanate
The first Islamic government established within India from 1206-1520. Controlled a small area of northern India and was centered in Delhi.
Hinduism
A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms
Bhakti movement
An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity.
srivijaya kingdom
Dominated Southeast Asian trade from its base on the island of Sumatra during the period from 670 to 1025 C.E.
Khmer Empire
The most powerful and longest-lasting kingdom on the mainland of southwest Asia, centering in what is today Cambodia.
Angkor Wat
A temple complex built in the Khmer Empire and dedicated to the Hindu God, Vishnu.
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