Unit 4 Vocabulary AP World History Modern

Shephardic Jew

Jews who trace their heritage back to Spain.

Ashkenazi Jew

Jews from central and eastern Europe.

Monopoly

Complete control over a market that granted certain merchants exclusive rights to trade.

Polygyny

The taking of more than one wife.

Vicecoys

Spanish royalty appointed administrators.

Audiencias

Royal courts where Spanish settlers could appeal viceroy's decisions or policies.

Metacom's War

Also known as King Philip's War, the final major effort of the indigenous people to drive the British from New England

Pueblo Revolt

The Pueblo and Apache, indigenous groups in New Mexico, fought against colonizers trying to force religious converts.

Glorious Revolution

AKA the Bloodless Revolution; the English throne returned to Protestant hands under William and Mary, strengthening Parliament's power.

Pugachev Rebellion

Peasant rebellion started by Cossack Yemelyan Pugachev against Catherine the Great for giving the nobility power over the serfs.

Gloucester County Rebellion

The first recorded slave rebellion in America.

Timar

An Ottoman system where the sultan granted land or tax revenues to those he favors.

Harem

A residence where a powerful man's wives and concubines lived.

Peninsulares

The top of the Latin social pyramid; those born on the Iberian peninsula.

Mestizos

Those of mixed European and indigenous ancestry.

Mulattos

Those of mixed European and African ancestry.

Barbary Pirates

Pirates who plied the seas near North Africa along the Barbary Coast, capturing Europeans and selling them.

Impressed

Forcing people into service, particularly in the navy as enslaved gallery workers.

Mercantilism

A theory stating that countries should sell as many goods as possible to other countries and buy as few as possible.

Trading Post Empire

An empire based on small outposts instead of control over large territories.

Galleons

Heavily armed Spanish ships that brought silver from Mexico to East Asia.

Northwest Passage

A route through or around North America that would lead into East Asia.

Conquistadores

Spanish soldiers who went to the Americas.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of disease, food, and animals between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

African Diaspora

Dispersion of Africans out of Africa.

Cash Crop

Crops such as sugar and tobacco that were grown for sale rather than subsistence.

Treaty of Tordesillas

A treaty that divided the Americas between Portugal and Spain.

Ecomienda

A system developed by the Spanish to gain access to gold and other resources of the Americas.

Hacienda System

A system where landowners developed agriculture on their lands and used coerced labor.

Middle Passage

The journey across the Atlantic by enslaved people.

Commercial Revolution

The transformation to a trade-based economy using gold and silver.

Price Revolution

High rate of inflation during the 1500s-1600s.

Joint-Stock Companies

A company owned by investors who bought stocks or shares in them.

Triangular Trade

A complex Atlantic trading system that included the trade of enslaved Africans.

Zambos

Those of mixed indigenous and African ancestry.