Floriculture & Greenhouse Terms; Final Exam

Pinching is a process that

promotes branching

Which of the following is primarily used as a cut flower crop?

Iris, Statice, and Lilies

What flower is considered a line flower

Liatris

A cultivated variety is referred to as a

cultivar

Floral arrangements should be

1 ½ to 2 times as tall as the container

Florist tape is used to

cover exposed florist wire, cover exposed flower stems, hold the flowers more tightly

A circular design does not have

focal point

What flower is a filler?

Statice

The best gauge florist wire to use to make a bow is

22 guage

Which plants produce adventitious roots

English ivy, heart leaf philodendron

A greenhouse cooling system where large exhaust fans draw air through a moistened pad mounted on the opposite end of the structure is called

evaporative cooling (PHS greenhouse cooling system)

Hardiness refers to a plants ability to

withstand cold temperatures

An accent is used in a design to?

draw attention to the design, create a focal point, and emphasize a point of interest

Bubbles of air enter the end of the cut flower stem and block water movement. What practice may be used to reverse it?

re-cut the stems under water

A floral arrangement is ____ if the two halves are equal in size and shape

symmetrical

The ideal stage to cut the majority of flowers is just

before flower is fully open

Floral designs as we arrange them today are a blending of two styles

Oriental and European

Herbaceous plants are

non-woody plants

"Tender" plants are

sensitive to temperature extremes

Often times gardeners will remove the dying flowers from annuals. This is known as

dead heading

Best FFA Chapter in the State of Utah?

Parowan FFA!!

An advantage of using a soilless media is

a soilless mix has uniform fertility and acidity, a soilless mix is sterile, a soilless mix is lighter in weight than soil

Nitrogen fertilizer

encourages above ground vegetative growth

Some seeds have a hard seed coat that must be scratched or soaked before the seeds are able to

germinate. This process is called

scarification

The main difference in propagating by layering as opposed to cuttings is that in layering, the newly propagated plant part is

still attached to the parent plant

How are African violets most commonly propagated?

leaf cuttings

The acceleration of flowering by manipulation of environmental conditions is known as

forcing

What is not considered a characteristic of a good propagation medium?

allows easy movement within container

What is not a function of a good growing medium?

provide for evaporation from plants

What is the primary reason for keeping flower buckets clean?

prevent bacterial growth

If a florist were limited to 2 tools, the least useful ones to have would be

Pruning shears and wire cutters

Flower preservatives should be used when conditioning flowers for

prevent bacterial growth and extend life of flowers

A good alternative for perilite, this material provides aeration in the root media and can be found in our area, for free...

Sand

What is the major insect problem related to Boston Fern?

Spider Mites

What ingredient related to city water causes leaf tip browning in spider plant leaves?

Fluoride

The major flower colors of an African Violet include

red, purple, blue, pink and white

What temperature range causes chilling injury to plant?

35-45 degrees F

What is considered freestanding geenhouses?

Quonset, Gothic arch, and Freestanding uneven-span greenhouse

Successful advertising to a target audience is based on the 3 profit "P's". What are they?

Persistant, Planned, and Persuasive

When studying the floral decorations of the earliest cultures, one learns that the Egyptians valued ____ and ____.

simplicity and repetition

A line mass design has a linear aspect and massed central area. It is a combination of the ____ line style and the ____ mass style.

Japanese and European

Who added dried flowers or grains to fresh floral designs?

American

What style has 3 major palcements of flowers or branches?

Japanese

What is not important when considering water quality for fresh flowers?

temperature

What are the 3 main ingredients in floral preservatives?

Sugar, Bactericide, and Acidifying agent

When growing orchids, a hygrometer is used to measure

humidity

When creating an arrangement, there is value in using both glossy and varied textures. What is the role of the varied texture?

although glossy attracts viewer's attention, textured holds attention

The design element, ____, allows each flower to be seen in the design and creates a vital, interesting aspect within the design.

Space

What is the common term used to describe hiding the elements that hold the design together such as taping to cover end of flower stem?

Cover your mechanics

The flowers and leaves of a rose are mottled and streaked with silver, and dusty black droppings have collected. This damage is indicative of ____.

Thrips

There are many choices of floral containers and the most widely used containers are

glass and plastic

Roundup is a nonselective herbicide which means it

kills all plants it contacts

Azaleas are acid-lovers so they would prefer a pH of

5 or lower

To prevent foliage diseases

continuously circulate the air around the plant

An ancient horticulture art form is

Bonsai

Growth-promoting substances are often applied to the bases of cuttings when propagating plants in order to

speed the development of roots on the cutting

If you accidentally spill a concentrated pesticide on your hands you should

go on spraying and then wash it off

The 3 most popular flower bedding plants are

Petunia, Geranium and Impatiens

Slug damage to a plant is recognized by

holes chewed around the edge of the leaf

Monochromatic harmony is produced by using

various shades, tints, and tones of ONE color

Which cut flower is likely to turn brown if touched?

Gardenia

Gypsum is a fertilizer material that may be added to soil to

increase both sulphur and calcium

The use of an automatic watering system in the greenhouse will reduce the cost of watering plant by about ____%

50

Moveable greenhouse benches can result in useable floor space of ____% in a greenhouse.

80-88

What is the name of the growth regulator frequently used on petunia crops to control legginess?

B-Nine

The term that describes oozing of plant sap is

Gummosis

Which annual flowering plant is most heat-tolerant?

Dahlia

One characteristics of a coleus plant that distinguishes it from other plants is that it

has square stems

Shape is 2-dimensional, while form is

3-dimensional

A single flower in a flower stem or peduncle is called a

solitary flower

The top 5 cut flower producing states include

California, Florida, Hawaii, Colorado, and Pennsylvania

Easter Lily height is best controlled by

varying the amount of light the plant recieves

What annual flowering plant is drought-tolerant?

Dusty Miller

Potassium contributes to the plant growth habit

Stem strength and disease resistance

Lilum longiflorum, an important holiday potted plant, is commonly known as

Easter Lily

The hook method of wiring for floral arrangemets is used for

flat headed flowers

How many pounds of nitrogen would a 50 lb. bag of fertilizer have if the numbers listed on the front were 10-30-20?

10 lbs. (N-P-K = Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium)

The best growth of most kinds of flowering potted plants is obtained when fertilizer is applied

as a constant feed

Propagation schedules for bedding plants are based on sales period just after

the last spring frost

"50 degree greenhouse crop" means the crop

is grown at a night temperature of 50 degrees F

Garden snails and slugs are hermaphroditic. That means

they are male and female in one

To insure blue color in hydrangeas, you would

fertilize with aluminum sulfate, lower the pH

To cause plants in the greenhouse to develop and grow more slowly, one should

decrease the greenhouse temperature

A plant maintains a healthy heat and moisture balance through a process called

transpiration

When new growth on a plant is weak and spindly with large gaps between the leaves, the plant is most likely suffering from lack of

light

For good germination, seeds of nearly all bedding plants require a propagation medium temperature of

75-85 degrees F

The most frequent cause for dismissal of employees is

dishonesty

If a soil in which you want to plant perennial flowering plants is extremely acdidic, you can correct the situation by adding

ground limestone

"Pinching" refers to the removal of

terminal shoots

What is not a direct result of light intensity and duration in greenhouse crops?

radiation

As part of conditioning process, flowers should remain at room termperature for 2-3 hours for what purpose?

absorb preservatives

All foliage plants must be _____ prior to installing in an interior area.

acclimated

True bulbs are classified as tunicate or non-tunicate.

True

Odd numbers should be used in arrangements when fewer than _____ flowers of one kind are used.

10

_____ is the unit of illumination that equals the light of one candle at a distance of one foot.

Foot-candle

Floriculture production in the U.S. is valued at about _____ at farm gate.

4.7 billion

The optimum ph range for most crops growing in a soiless medium is

5.8-6.4

American floriculture crops are considered to be _____ quality if they are well branched and _____ with multiple flowers that open _____.

high, full, simultaneously

Rose plants used for the bent stem technique are started as _____ node cuttings, which are rooted and grown frequently in ____ ____ ____.

single, rock wool cubes

Confucius taught that real enjoyment consist of _____ and _____.

simplicity, contemplation