CRI 171- Nationalism and Patriotism

NATIONALISM

Refers to a feeling that people have of being loyal and proud of their country

NATIONALIST

A person that believes their country is better

NATION

Group of people with common culture and tradition

STATE

A political unit that has sovereignty over an area of territory and the people within

SOVEREIGNTY

Legitimate and ultimate authority over a political unit

STATE

Other word for country

Population
Territory
Sovereignty
Government

Four Essential Features of a State

SELF DETERMINATION

A nations right to form their own government (National Sovereignty)

ORGANIC SOCIETY

A common sense of identity that brings people together

GEMEINSCHAFT

Common cultural identity, language, history, and tradition

Organized around appreciation for personal ties it driven by emotions and sentiments by a sense of moral obligation

GESELLSCHAFT

Ties and interactions are guided by formal values and beliefs that are directed by rationality and efficiency

GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA

Established La Solidaridad in Barcelona

Filipino journalist, orator, revolutionary, and national hero

Wrote about the problems in the Philippines under Spanish rule and demanded reform

DR. JOSE P. RIZAL

Most outstanding among the propagandist

Shot to death by firing squad at Bagumbayan on December 30, 1896

Started the newspaper, La Solidaridad (Solidarity), circulated both in Spain and in the Philippines

Newspaper was the medium of the Propaganda movement

Dimasalang and Laong Laan

Wrote Noli Mi Tangere & El filibustirismo

Believed in peaceful reforms and education as key to reform

MARCELO H. DEL PILAR

The political analyst of the propaganda movement and greatest journalist

Editor of La Solidaridad

Plaridel

Wrote many works that criticized Spanish friars, and push reforms and justice for filipinos

Diariong tagalog, Caiingat cayo, La Frailocracia en Filipinas, Dasalan at toksohan, Sagot ng Espana sa Hibik ng Filipinas

MARIANO PONCE

Tikbalang, Naning at Kalipulako

ANTONIO LUNA

Taga-ilog

JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN

Jomapa

LACK OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND LEADERSHIP CRISIS

Reasons for the failure of the propaganda movement

ANDRES BONIFACIO

Led the filipinos to a new phase of social and political awareness marked by the founding of katipunan

GRACIANO LOPES JAENA

DR. JOSE P. RIZAL

MARCELO H. DEL PILAR

Triumvirate of Filipino propagandist

LA SOLIDARIDAD

Reformist movement aimed at achieving political and social changes

CRIOLLOS, INSULARES, CROELES

Spaniard born in the Philippines (Inferior)

Wealthy land owners or government officials

Slightly lower than peninsulares

PENINSULARES

Spaniard born in Spain (Superior)

Pure blooded Spaniards born in Spain

Held highest government and church positions

Receives lands and special favours

INDIOS

Native Filipino born in the Philippines (Native

Faced discrimination and harsh treatment

Little to no power

MESTIZOS

Mixed ancestry born in the Philippines

Opening of the Suez Canal

Made the Philippines closer to the world trade, communications and travel

More travellers and information came to the Philippines

Spread of Liberalism

Liberal ideas from Europe filtered in

Improvement in communication and transportation

Brought Filipinos closer, and made them realize their common predicament

Principalia were able to send their children to schools

Children were exposed to liberal ideas

Rise of the New Middle Class

Spain opened the ports of Manila to the world followed by opening of other ports in other areas of the Philippines

Chinese and Spanish mestizos who owned lands that were used to plant and harvest products for export and those who engaged in import and export businesses became the middle class (bourgeoisie)

They stood in between the principalia and the masses

Sentiments against the Principales

Mounting dissatisfaction against the principales, accommodated as intermediaries of the Spanish government from the inception of its colonial rule

Racial Prejudice

Spaniards regarded the Filipinos as “Indios” belonging to an inferior race

Cultural Changes

Educational reform of 1863 improved the standards of education in the primary level

Secularization of the Church

Pope Pius V issued the Exponi Nobis which allowed the regular clergy to serve as parish priest without diocesan authorization and be exempted from bishop’s authority

Fathers Pedro Pelaez, Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, and Jacinto Zamora. They were accused of treason against Spain and tried in an unfair trial and were sentenced to death by garrote

Cavite Mutiny of 1872

Governor General Rafael de Izquierdo replaced Governor de la Torre in 1871 and he discarded the liberal measures

Abolished the privileges of arsenal workers and engineer corps regarding exemption from tribute and forced labor

PRINCIPALIAS

Usually educated upper class in the pueblos of the Spanish Philippines

Gobernadorcillo, who was later referred to as Capitan Municipal (who had functions similar to a town mayor), Lieutenants of Justice

Cabezas de Barangay (heads of the barangays) who governed the districts

Former Gobernadorcillos or Municipal Captains, and Municipal lieutenants in good standing during their term of office

ILUSTRADOS

The educated ones are idealists, artists and free thinkers

Many are born of wealthy landowners

POLO Y SERVICIO

Forced labor

ARSENAL WORKERS

Filipino who worked at Cavite Arsenal (Carpenters, Engineer, Laborers)