CRI 171- Nationalism and Patriotism

NATIONALISM

Refers to a feeling that people have of being loyal and proud of their country

NATIONALIST

A person that believes their country is better

NATION

Group of people with common culture and tradition

STATE

A political unit that has sovereignty over an area of territory and the people within

SOVEREIGNTY

Legitimate and ultimate authority over a political unit

STATE

Other word for country

Population
Territory
Sovereignty
Government

Four Essential Features of a State

SELF DETERMINATION

A nations right to form their own government (National Sovereignty)

ORGANIC SOCIETY

A common sense of identity that brings people together

GEMEINSCHAFT

Common cultural identity, language, history, and tradition

Organized around appreciation for personal ties it driven by emotions and sentiments by a sense of moral obligation

GESELLSCHAFT

Ties and interactions are guided by formal values and beliefs that are directed by rationality and efficiency

GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA

Established La Solidaridad in Barcelona

Filipino journalist, orator, revolutionary, and national hero

Wrote about the problems in the Philippines under Spanish rule and demanded reform

DR. JOSE P. RIZAL

Most outstanding among the propagandist

Shot to death by firing squad at Bagumbayan on December 30, 1896

Started the newspaper, La Solidaridad (Solidarity), circulated both in Spain and in the Philippines

Newspaper was the medium of the Propaganda movement

Dimasalang and Laong Laan

Wrote Noli Mi Tangere & El filibustirismo

Believed in peaceful reforms and education as key to reform

MARCELO H. DEL PILAR

The political analyst of the propaganda movement and greatest journalist

Editor of La Solidaridad

Plaridel

Wrote many works that criticized Spanish friars, and push reforms and justice for filipinos

Diariong tagalog, Caiingat cayo, La Frailocracia en Filipinas, Dasalan at toksohan, Sagot ng Espana sa Hibik ng Filipinas

MARIANO PONCE

Tikbalang, Naning at Kalipulako

ANTONIO LUNA

Taga-ilog

JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN

Jomapa

LACK OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND LEADERSHIP CRISIS

Reasons for the failure of the propaganda movement

ANDRES BONIFACIO

Led the filipinos to a new phase of social and political awareness marked by the founding of katipunan

GRACIANO LOPES JAENA

DR. JOSE P. RIZAL

MARCELO H. DEL PILAR

Triumvirate of Filipino propagandist

LA SOLIDARIDAD

Reformist movement aimed at achieving political and social changes

CRIOLLOS, INSULARES, CROELES

Spaniard born in the Philippines (Inferior)

Wealthy land owners or government officials

Slightly lower than peninsulares

PENINSULARES

Spaniard born in Spain (Superior)

Pure blooded Spaniards born in Spain

Held highest government and church positions

Receives lands and special favours

INDIOS

Native Filipino born in the Philippines (Native

Faced discrimination and harsh treatment

Little to no power

MESTIZOS

Mixed ancestry born in the Philippines

Opening of the Suez Canal

Made the Philippines closer to the world trade, communications and travel

More travellers and information came to the Philippines

Spread of Liberalism

Liberal ideas from Europe filtered in

Improvement in communication and transportation

Brought Filipinos closer, and made them realize their common predicament

Principalia were able to send their children to schools

Children were exposed to liberal ideas

Rise of the New Middle Class

Spain opened the ports of Manila to the world followed by opening of other ports in other areas of the Philippines

Chinese and Spanish mestizos who owned lands that were used to plant and harvest products for export and those who engaged in import and export businesses became the middle class (bourgeoisie)

They stood in between the principalia and the masses

Sentiments against the Principales

Mounting dissatisfaction against the principales, accommodated as intermediaries of the Spanish government from the inception of its colonial rule

Racial Prejudice

Spaniards regarded the Filipinos as “Indios” belonging to an inferior race

Cultural Changes

Educational reform of 1863 improved the standards of education in the primary level

Secularization of the Church

Pope Pius V issued the Exponi Nobis which allowed the regular clergy to serve as parish priest without diocesan authorization and be exempted from bishop’s authority

Fathers Pedro Pelaez, Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, and Jacinto Zamora. They were accused of treason against Spain and tried in an unfair trial and were sentenced to death by garrote

Cavite Mutiny of 1872

Governor General Rafael de Izquierdo replaced Governor de la Torre in 1871 and he discarded the liberal measures

Abolished the privileges of arsenal workers and engineer corps regarding exemption from tribute and forced labor

PRINCIPALIAS

Usually educated upper class in the pueblos of the Spanish Philippines

Gobernadorcillo, who was later referred to as Capitan Municipal (who had functions similar to a town mayor), Lieutenants of Justice

Cabezas de Barangay (heads of the barangays) who governed the districts

Former Gobernadorcillos or Municipal Captains, and Municipal lieutenants in good standing during their term of office

ILUSTRADOS

The educated ones are idealists, artists and free thinkers

Many are born of wealthy landowners

POLO Y SERVICIO

Forced labor

ARSENAL WORKERS

Filipino who worked at Cavite Arsenal (Carpenters, Engineer, Laborers)

HOSPITALITY

Most popular quality of a Filipino

Refers to friendly and generous reception and treatment of guests

RESPECT FOR THE ELDERLY

Children respect elders by saying “Po” and “Opo”

A traditional act where a younger person bows and take’s the elders hand and place it in their “Forehead” (mano po) symbolizing respect and request for blessing

STRONG FAMILY TIES AND RELIGIONS

Filipinos place great importance on family both immediate and extended

They keep families intact throughout generation

Faith and religious practices are the central to many Filipinos identities

GENEROSITY AND HELPFULNESS

Filipinos are generous people

Act of giving freely whether

it's time, help, money, or kindness

without expecting anything in return

a neighbor is in trouble, Filipinos are always ready to help

STRONG WORK ETHIC

Example of a hardworking person is a farmer

Filipino strong work ethic is characterized by several cultural and personal values that make Filipino workers highly regarded both locally and abroad

Filipinos are known for their determination and willingness

LOVE AND CARING

Men are so sweet and romantic when it comes to love

Love and care of Filipinos are central to their identity and relationships, deeply influenced by family-centered values, empathy, and a strong sense of community

PAKIKISAMA

Filipino trait most taken up was

Refers to an interpersonal relationship where people are friendly with each other

HIYA

Timidity refers to a lack of confidence or courage

Hiya as a spreading sense of inferiority

UTANG NA LOOB

Means inner debt of gratitude

Reflects a moral obligation to repay someone who has given help, especially when that help is personal, generous, or life-changing.

BAYANIHAN

The term indicates deep gratitude towards the person who has extended kindness, and the heartfelt wish to repay for the kindness.

SUBMISSIVENESS

a characteristic of the Filipinos which shows his unwillingness to challenge those in authority, his willingness to accept commands and criticisms from others without question

Refers to a tendency or behavior where a person tends to yield or surrender

Most notable example is the loyalty shown to political leaders

FIESTA GRANDE

Filipinos love festivals

It is a vibrant and festive celebration in Filipino culture

Inherited from the Spanish, who ruled the Philippines during the colonial period

FATALISM

A tendency to surrender our future to fate

Often refers to the belief that events are predetermined and that individuals have limited power to change their fate

CRAB MENTALITY

Prevalent in politics where people tend to push each other down to clear the way for their own gain

Tendency of individuals to pull down anyone who achieves success

BAHALA NA

Deeply rooted Filipino cultural expression that embodies both fatalism and resilience

Indicates the tendency of Filipinos to resign oneself into the hands of destiny or fate

No matter what happens, Filipinos believe that it is the work of fate

NINGAS COGON

Filipino cultural expression that describes initial enthusiasm that quickly fades

Associated with lack of follow-through or inconsistency

MANANA HABIT

A well-known Filipino cultural trait that refers to the tendency to procrastinate delaying

It is a matter of course that many are tardy and absent from school or work

HYPOCRASY

Refers to the gap between what people say and what they actually do

Fear of being an outcast has forced a lot of people to live a double standard life

FILIPINO TIME

Usually associated with tardiness

A cultural expression that refers to the habitual tardiness or chronic lateness

This has not only caused conflicts in relationships, it also discourages others

GOSSIPING

Refers to casual talk about other people’s lives

BLAMING OTHERS

Tendency to assign fault to others instead of accepting responsibility

This attitude destroys teamwork, and reliability becomes an issue

This habit is also popular among our public officials

INCONSIDERATION

It is the lack of regard for others’ feelings, needs, or situations

We become insensitive to the needs of other people because we need to focus on ourselves first

IGNORING

Not following simple rules and instructions

ATTENTION GRABBING

Refers to actions or speech that deliberately seek to attract

ONION-SKINNED

Describes someone who is overly sensitive or easily offended

LIVING BEYOND THEIR MEANS

One of the reasons why a lot of Filipinos live in poverty is because of overspending

Act of attempting to raise one's social status by associating with people perceived as wealthier, more powerful, or more influential

PASSIVITY

Filipinos’ lack of initiative for change

Refers to the tendency to avoid direct confrontation, assertiveness, or open disagreement

Common Filipinos also lack courage and confidence

BALATO-PASALUBONG-HUTHUT

Filipino term that means to consume or take something

This habit is amoral as it economically-impoverishes quickly

GANGING-UP FOR REGULAR GROUP-VICE

This habit is amoral as it economically-impoverishes quickly

refers to when a group of individuals, especially peers or friends, encourages or enables each other to engage in harmful or unethical behavior

AMOR PROPIO

Refers to self-respect, self-worth, or a sense of personal dignity

Represents the need of the Filipino to be treated as a person, not as an object

BAYANIHAN

Trait involves cooperation and bonding with people

Filipino value that denotes camaraderie among the people in the community and helping one another in time of need

Cherished Filipino cultural value that refers to the spirit of communal unity, cooperation, and mutual help

COMMONWEALTH ACT NO.184

Passed by the national assembly

Created a national language committee

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO.134

The national language will be based on Tagalog

Three years after proclamation of Tagalog as the basis of the national language (Officially called Pilipino in 1959)

LOPE K. SANTOS

Appointed director for the institute of national language (1939)

Undertook the preparation of grammar book (Balarila ng Wikang Pambansa)

BALARILA NG WIKANG PAMBANSA

Constitute the bulk of what was taught in school

CNL

Eliminated Pilipino and replaced it with Filipino based on existing native language

SECTION 15, ART 2 OF THE 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

Protect and promote the right to health of the people and instill health consciousness among them

SECTION 9, ART 15

State shall protect consumers from trade malpractice and from substandard or hazardous products

REPUBLIC ACT NO.10611- FOOD SAFETY ACT OF 2013

Provides protection to consumers so they will have access to local foods and food products that have undergone thorough and rigid inspection

SUERSTITION

Refers to belief or practice

Common among certain group of people than others, vary from culture to culture

Passed down through culture and not based on scientific evidence

SUPERSTITIO

To stand over in awe

SUPERSTES

Outliving or Surviving

NUMBERS OF STEPS OF STAIRCASES AT HOME SHOULD NOT BE DIVISIBLE BY THREE

Combination of local beliefs and Chinese numerology

Most well known to this superstition is Oro, Plato, Mata

Avoid ending in Mata which denotes bad luck

TURN YOUR PLATE WHEN SOMEONE LEAVES IN THE MIDDLE OF A MEAL

Disrupts the harmony and may cause bad luck or even accidents

DON’T GO STRAIGHT HOME AFTER ATTENDING A WAKE

Superstition is called Pagpag

REASSURE YOUR HOST THAT YOU’RE A HUMAN

Very common line used by Filipinos when knocking on someone’s door is “Tao (person) po!”

It's believed that spirits or shape-shifting creatures (like the aswang, kapre, or engkanto) can imitate humans

SIBLINGS SHOULD NOT MARRY WITHIN THE SAME YEAR

Superstition is called “sukob”

It is said to divide the luck between the two marriages

Well-known Filipino superstition that warns against two major life events occurring too closely together

SERVE PANCIT AT CELEBRATIONS. ESPECIALLY BIRTHDAYS

Ever-present dish at Filipino gatherings is believed to represent long life

Long strands of noodles are thought to represent a long and healthy life

RESPECT THE ELEMENTALS

Fill the childhoods of many Filipino children, inciting both intrigue and fear

Among the most practiced is the saying of “tabi tabi po” (excuse me) when passing through places where elementals are likely to dwell

BE CAREFUL WHEN SHOWING FONDNESS OVER BABIES

Believed by some, to be a potential cause of illness

Usog is a folk illness believed to be caused when someone— often a stranger or someone with "strong energy"

BLAME YOUR MISSING THINGS ON ELVES

When items around the house go missing and reappear, this is caused by dwendes or playful elves

Blame missing or misplaced objects on elves or spirits, especially duwende

SWEEPING THE FLOOR AT NIGHT WILL DRIVE AWAY INCOMING BLESSINGS

you sweep the floor after sunset, you're symbolically sweeping away

• Incoming blessings

• Money or financial luck

• Positive energy

Our ancestors may have forgotten that having allergies, cold, and dirty feet we can get from dirt and dust aren’t blessings

PBA PHILIPPINE BASKETBALL ASSOCIATION

Founded in April 1975

The national team is Gilas Pilipinas

James Yap is the athlete of today

BOXING

Produced 38 major world champions

Also popularized the achievements of Manny Pacquiao he was ranked 10th in the world and 4th in Asia

Also produced Pancho Villa, Flash Elorde, and Cefering Garcia

UAAP UNIVERSITY ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION OF THE PHILIPPINES

Established in 1938

NCAA NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION

Established in 1924

FOOTBALL, BASKETBALL, AND BOXING

Popular sports of the Philippines

ARNIS, SIKARAN, DUMOG, SIPA

Traditional or Regional sport of the Philippines

ARNIS

Martial art of the Philippines which emphasized weapon-based fighting

Also known as Eskrima and Kali

It can be done using knives, bladed weapons, sticks and improvised weapons

Also includes hand to hand combat, grappling and weapon disarming methods

The weapon used is called cane or baton length is 28 inches

Practitioners are called Arnisadores

SIKARAN

A form of kickboxing

Utilized only the feet and hands for blocking

A martial arts sport that mostly involves fighting with one’s feet

It was practiced in early 16th century

Practiced only in Rizal province

DUMOG

Filipino style of wrestling while standing upright