Chapter 21 study guide

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18 Terms

1
Composition of Lymph
Lymph is a clear fluid that contains lymphocytes, proteins, waste products, and fats absorbed from the digestive tract.
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2
Structure of Lymphatic Capillaries
Lymphatic capillaries are blind-ended tubes that are thinner than blood capillaries, feature larger fenestrations, and lack a basement membrane.
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3
Location of Lymphatic Capillaries
Lymphatic capillaries are located throughout the body tissues, found alongside blood capillaries.
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4
Entry of Interstitial Fluid into Lymphatic Capillaries
Interstitial fluid enters lymphatic capillaries via inward-folding spaces between lymphatic endothelial cells that act as one-way flaps.
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5
Functions of the Lymphatic System
Primary functions include maintaining fluid balance and facilitating immune responses; secondary functions include absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins.
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6
Functions of Lymph Nodes
Lymph nodes filter lymphatic fluid, trapping pathogens and foreign particles, and house immune cells that can attack these foreign particles.
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7
Functions of Spleen
The spleen filters blood, removes old or damaged blood cells, produces lymphocytes, and stores platelets.
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8
Location & Function of the Thymus
The thymus is located behind the sternum and is involved in the maturation of T lymphocytes essential for adaptive immunity.
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9
Forces Moving Interstitial Fluid into Lymph
Hydrostatic pressure from arteries, pressure changes from breathing, and skeletal muscle contractions help move interstitial fluid into the lymphatic system.
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10
Lymph Drainage pathways
Lymph from the lower body drains into lumbar trunks, to the cisterna chyli, into the thoracic duct, and finally into the right subclavian vein.
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11
Difference between Primary & Secondary Lymphatic Structures
Primary structures are where lymphocytes are produced and mature; secondary structures are where immune responses are initiated.
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12
Difference between T & B Lymphocytes
T lymphocytes are involved in cell-mediated immunity, while B lymphocytes are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity by producing antibodies.
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13
Basic Structure of Lymphoid Organs
Lymphoid organs consist of dense irregular connective tissue and leukocytes involved in the immune response.
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14
Basic Facts about MALT & GALT
MALT is in mucosal tissues protecting mucosal barriers; GALT is associated specifically with the digestive tract.
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15
Basics of Tonsils
Tonsils are lymphoid tissues at the back of the throat, consisting of palatine, pharyngeal, and lingual tonsils, protecting against pathogens.
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16
Metastasis
The process by which cancer cells spread from one part of the body to another, often via the lymphatic system or bloodstream.
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17
Lymphoid Nodules
Small clusters of lymphoid tissue that play a role in immune response, commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract mucosa.
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18
Lymphedema
Localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system, often from surgical removal of lymph nodes.
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