BIOLOGY EXAM

What is A

Lysosome

What is B

Rough ER

What is C

Nucleus

What is D

Mitchondria

What is E

Golgi apparatus

What is F

Chromatin

What is G

cytoplasm

What is H

Ribosomes

What is I

cytoskelton

What is J

Smooth ER

What is K

Centrioles

What is L

Nucleolus

What is M

Cell membrane

Define Homeostasis

maintain stability and ability to fuction even though there are constant changes happening

The three components of a homeostatic mechanism

Sensor Control centre Effector

What do Ribosomes do

site of protein Synthesis

What does Mitchondria do

site of cellular respiration makes ATP

Why the plasma membrane is fluid mosaic

Made of phosolipid bilayer that moves like water

What does it mean if a membrane is selectively permeable

Allows only certain molecules to pass through

Tonocity

The strength of a solution in relationship to osmosis and determines movement of water into or out of cells.

hypotonic

haveing lower concentration of solutes compared to another ( coloured water compared to egg)

hypertonic

higher concentration of solutes compared to another (corn syrup compared to egg)

isotonic

equal concentration of solutes

faciliated diffusion

carrier protiens embedded in the cell membrane carry some molecules across

passive transport

Osmosis

The diffusion of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration passive transport

passive transport

Movement of substances in and out of cell doese’t use energy

active transport

movement of materials up the concentration gradient low to high uses ATP

exocytosis

when waste and cell products leave the cell

pinocytosis

cell drinking

phagocytosis

cell eating

endocytosis

cell membrane forms a pouch around particles closeing them in a vessicle inside the cell

why bulk transport happens

some molecules are to large to cross the cell membrane and use bulk transport to transport across

What is A

Epiglottis

What is B

Esophagus

What is C

Trachea

What is D

Tounge

What is E

Bolus

What is F

Pharynx

1

Mouth

2

Tounge

3

salivary glands

4

Epiglottis

5

Esophagus

6

Liver

7

Stomach

8

Pancreas

9

Large Intestine

10

small intestine

11

Appendix

12

Rectum

13

Anus

14

Stomach

15

Pancreas

16

Gall bladder

17

Liver

1

Epithelium

2

Capilaries

3

Lacteal

Ingestion

eating food

Digestion involves breakdown of food in two ways what are they

Mechanical and Chemical

What is the entrance of the esophagus to the stomach marked by and what does sit prevent

Cardiac Sphincter Blocks stomach acids from coming up into esophagus

if something is Gastric what organ/part of the digestive tract is it referring to

Stomach

How does a person get a Gastric Ulcer

The HCI penetrates the mucus lining of the stomach and burns the wall and breaks it down

Where is majority of digestion completed

The small intestine

what enzyme digest protien and where does it take place

pepsin in the stomach (protease ,pancreas and small intestine)

What chemical process does bile assist with which organ secretes Bile

emsulsification of fats(lipids) The gall bladder secretes bile

Where is salivary amylase found what does it break down

It is found in the mouth and it breaks down Startch (Carbs) to Maltose

Which acid is present in the stomach which aids in chemical digestion

Hydrochloric Acid

Where Chemical digestion of lipids takes place

Small intestine

where does most water get absorbed along the alimentary canal

The large intestine

what is the primary function of the villi in the small intestine

absorption of nutrients

which type of substances are considered lipids give some examples

Fats oils ,waxes, Cholestorel

which macronutrient provides quickest form of energy

CarboHydrates

Function of pancreas

produce bicarbonate ions and digestive enzymes

name the accessory glands

Pancreas
Liver
gall Bladder
salivary glands

how is salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase simalar

they are both enzymes that break down startch (carbs)

what is the medical term for poop what is another word for defecation

Feces, Egested

What is the name of the iron-containing protein molecule whose job is to

carry oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body?

HEMOGLOBIN

Oxygen and carbon dioxide gases are carried by white blood cells. State

if it is true or false and explain why.

FALSE, THEY ARE CARRIED BY RED BLOOD CELLS. WHITE BLOOD CELLS FIGHT INVADERS

Know which cells in your blood work to help clot and repair cuts in blood

vessels and skin. Explain how these cells do their job. Know the scientific and less scientific name for these cells.

PLATELETS (THROMBOCYTES) - THEY ARE VERY FRAGILE & ROUGH TISSUE FROM A CUT CAN RUPTURE THEM. THIS ALLOWS THE STICKY FLUID INSIDE THEM TO BE EXPOSED & THE CLUMP TOGETHER.

4. Simply explain the process some leukocytes use called phagocytosis.

THEY SURROUND, ENGULF, & DIGEST/ DESTROY THE INVADER.

What are the main functions of blood plasma?

-CARRY DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS

-PROVIDE BLOOD VOLOME FOR BLOOD PRESSURE. -CARRY IMMUNE CELLS.

6. What is the universal blood type donor?

O-

What is the universal platelet and plasma donor?

AB (+)

NO A OR B ANTIBODIES

What is the most common blood type?

O+

What is the universal recipient blood type?

AB+

Explain the difference between Rh positive and Rh negative.

A PERSON WITH THE RHESUS PROTEIN ON THEIR RED BLOOD IS RH+ A person who does not have it is RH -

Explain what sets your heart rate and where it is located.

THE SINOATRIAL NODE IN YOUR RIGHT ATRIUM.

Explain what pulmonary circulation is.

CIRCULATION OFBLOOD BETWEEN THE

HEART & LUNGS

Explain what systemic circulation is.

CIRCULATION OF BLOOD BETWEEN HEART

& REST OF BODY.

1

Aorta

2

Superior vena cava

3

pulmonary artery

4

pulmonary veins

5

right atrium

6

tricuspid valve

7

right ventricle

8

inferior vena cava

9

pulmonary artery

10

pulmonary vein