Week 3 – Cultural Relativism and Related Concepts

These flashcards cover definitions, benefits, criticisms, and practical implications of cultural relativism, along with related concepts such as ethnocentrism and xenocentrism.

What does the concept of cultural relativism assert about different cultures?

That although cultures differ, they are all equally valid and no single cultural system is inherently superior to another.

Give three reasons why understanding cultural relativism matters.

It encourages open-mindedness, avoids misjudgment, and enhances cross-cultural communication.

What are two similarities shared by all cultures mentioned in the notes?

They are dynamic (changing over time) and they transmit ideas across generations or to other cultures.

Name four benefits commonly attributed to embracing cultural relativism.

It promotes open-mindedness, tolerance, cooperation, and respect toward others.

List three criticisms leveled against cultural relativism.

It may tolerate harmful practices, hinder needed reform, and create moral confusion or conflict.

How can cultural relativism inadvertently support moral absolutism?

By allowing harmful practices to continue unchallenged under the banner of cultural difference, potentially violating universal human rights.

Which universal principle is cited as an example that cuts across cultures even though interpretations may differ?

Respect for human dignity embodied in the concept of human rights.

Why is justice considered a useful example when discussing relativism?

Because while justice is a universal moral principle, societies differ in how they achieve or interpret it.

What is the first stated importance of practicing cultural relativism?

It provides space for verification and validation of beliefs, traditions, and practices.

How does cultural relativism help in evaluating culture, according to the notes?

By allowing the assessment of the morality and ethical soundness of cultural practices.

What holistic benefit does cultural relativism offer when examining cultures?

The ability to see the culture from a comprehensive, context-sensitive point of view.

Define ethnocentrism.

The tendency to view one’s own culture as superior and to judge all other cultures against it.

Define xenocentrism.

The tendency to value other cultures more highly than one’s own, believing they are superior.

According to the notes, what personal judgments are shaped by our own culture and viewed differently through cultural relativism?

Perceptions of what is beautiful or ugly, appealing or disgusting, virtuous or abhorrent, and what is humorous.