partial chapter review

Caliectasis-

excess fluid causes the calyx to swell

Cystitis-

inflammation of the urinary bladder

Cystectomy-

removal of the urinary bladder

Cystoscopy-

visual exam of the urinary bladder

Glomerular-

pertaining to the glomerulus

Meatotomy-

cutting into the meatus

Nephropathy-

disease of the kidney

Nephroptosis-

drooping of the kidney

Nephrolithotomy-

incision into the kidney to remove of a stone

Nephrosclerosis-

hardening of the kidney’s

Pyelolithotomy-

incision into the renal pelvis to remove a stone

Renal colic-

severe pain resulting from a stone that is blocking a ureter or a kidney

Trigonitis-

inflammation of the trigone

Ureteral-

pertaining to the ureter

Ureteroplasty-

surgical repair of the ureter

Ureterolithotomy-

incision of a ureter to remove a stone

Urethral-

pertaining to the urethra

Urethritis-

inflammation of the urethra

Albuminuria-

protein in the urine

Azotemia-

elevated levels of BUN blood urea, nitrogen and compounds in the blood

Bacteriuria

Bacteria in the urine

Ketonuria-

ketones in the urine

Nephrolithiasis-

condition of kidney stones

Nocturia-

frequent urination at night

Oliguria-

scant urine

Pyuria-

pus in the urine

Lithotripsy-

Crushing of stones

Hematuria-

Blood in the urine

Enuresis-

bed wetting

Diuresis-

excessive amount of urine

incontinence

inability to hold urine in bladder

dysuria

painful urine

anuria

no urine

renal failure

Decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function.

renal hypertension

High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease.

Wilms tumor

Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood.

bladder cancer

Malignant tumor of the urinary bladder.

BUN(blood urea nitrogen)

Measurement of urea levels in blood.

CREATININE CLEARANCE TEST

Measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney.

KUB(kidneys, ureters, and bladder)

X-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

IVP

intravenous pyelogram

dialysis

Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood.

Lithotripsy

Urinary tract stones are crushed.

Renal Biopsy

Removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination.

Renal Transplantation

Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient.

ARF

Acute renal failure

Cath

Catheter; catheterization

CKD

Chronic kidney disease

CRF

Chronic renal failure

ESRD

End-stage renal disease

IVP

Intravenous pyelogram

KUB

Kidney ureter and bladder

UA

Urinalysis

UTI

Urinary tract infection

Adenitis-

inflammation of the gland

Parathyroidectomy-

removal of the parathyroid gland

Hypopituitarism-

deficiency of the pituitary hormone.

Thyroiditis-

inflammation of the thyroid

Hypercalcemia-

increase of calcium in the blood

Hypocalcemia-

decrease of calcium in the blood

Corticosteroid-

natural occurring steroid produced by adrenal cortex

Hyperglycemia-

high blood sugar

Hypoglycemia-

low blood sugar

Homeostasis-

everything is in balance

Hypokalemia-

decrease of potassium in the blood

Myxedema-

swelling with mucus under the skin

Hyponatremia-

decrease of sodium in the blood

Hypophysectomy-

removal of the pituitary gland

Thyrotoxicosis-

condition caused by excessive thyroid gland activity and over secretion of thyroid
hormone.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-

stimulates the reabsorption of water by the kidney tubules

Glycosuria-

sugar in the urine

Euthyroid-

good thyroid

Panhypopituitarism-

Deficiency of all pituitary hormones

Virilism

too much testosterone

Hirsutism-

excessive facial and chest hair

Goiter-

enlargement of the thyroid gland

Hyperthyroidism-

overactivity of the thyroid gland
 S&S:
 Exophthalmos:

metabolism is faster, increase heart rate, higher body temperature, weight loss diarrhea

Hypothyroidism-

Underactivity of the thyroid gland
 S&S
 Myxedema
 Cretinism

fatigue, weight gain, fluid retention, slow heart rate, lower body temperature, constipation

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1:

autoimmune disease. Onset is usually in early childhood but can occur in adulthood.

-absence of insulin

treatment insulin

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2:

Patients are older, but can be adolescents, and usually have a family history of type 2
diabetes.

-insulin present

treatment diet, hyporglycemics, or insulin

signs and symptoms of type 1 and type 2

polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia

Additional S&S for Type 2:

Chronic fatigue
Patient tend to obese and over 40
Tingling and numbness in hands and feet
Blurred vision
Frequent infection
Cuts and bruises that heal slowly

Type 1 and 2 Primary Complications

Hyperglycemia can lead to
Ketoacidosis

Hypoglycemia
Hyperosmolar coma

Type 1 and 2 Secondary Complications:

1. Diabetic Neuropathy 2. Diabetic Retinopathy
3. Diabetic Nephropathy

Gigantism-

Hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues.

Dwarfism-

Congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone; hypopituitary dwarfism.

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)-

also known as fasting blood sugar test. measure glucose level in person who fasted at least 8 hours

Serum and Urine Tests-

Measurement of hormones, electrolytes, glucose, and other substances in serum (blood) and urine as indicators of endocrine function.

Thyroid Function test

Measurement of T3, T4, and TSH in the bloodstream.

Thyroid Scan-

Scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland.

ADH

Antidiuretic hormone – vasopressin

DKA

Diabetic ketoacidosis

DM

Diabetes mellitus

FBG

Fasting blood glucose

FBS

Fasting blood sugar

GTT

Glucose tolerance test

T3

Triiodothyronine

T4

Thyroxine – tetraiodothyronine

TFT

Thyroid function test

TSH

Thyroid-stimulating hormone