APGOV Review

Conservatives

________ tend to support policies that promote economic growth and limited government intervention.

Federalism

________ is the principle that powers and responsibilities are divided between a central government and the state governments.

Liberals

________ tend to support policies that promote social welfare and address income inequality.

Meritocracy

________ is the principle of selecting individuals for jobs or positions based on their abilities and qualifications, rather than their social status or connections.

Congress

The bureaucracy carries out the day- to- day work of the government, implementing laws and regulations passed by ________ and enforcing them through various means.

individual rights

It is considered one of the most important documents in American history, as it established the fundamental principles of democracy, equality, and ________.

Marbury v Madison

________ (1803): This Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review, which gives the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.

bureaucracy

The ________ consists of the many departments, agencies, and organizations that make up the federal government.

Supreme Court decisions

________: The Supreme Court has the power to interpret the Constitution and settle disputes between the federal and state governments, which can have a significant impact on the relationship between the two.

Birmingham Jail

Letter from ________: The Letter from ________ is a letter written by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1963 while he was imprisoned for protesting against segregation in Birmingham, Alabama.

Federalist Papers

________: The Federalist Papers were a series of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of ratifying the US Constitution.

civil rights

On social issues, liberals tend to prioritize ________ and liberties, such as LGBTQ+ rights, reproductive rights, and criminal justice reform.

protection of individual liberty

In general, the government has sought to balance the need for order and safety with the ________ through a combination of laws, policies, and court decisions.

Conservatives

________ tend to be more traditional in their social views, favoring a smaller role for government in issues such as marriage and family values.

Liberals

________ believe in LIBERTY and EQUALITY for all individuals, and support policies that promote social JUSTICE.

Meritocracy

________ is important for the bureaucracy because it ensures that the government is staffed by competent and capable individuals who are able to carry out the work of the government effectively and efficiently.

Conservatives

________ believe in TRADITION and individual RESPONSIBILITY, and support policies that encourage self- sufficiency and personal responsibility.

Disagreements

The main disagreement between Federalists and Anti-Federalists was over the role and power of the federal government

What they wanted

Federalists wanted a strong central government that could effectively govern the new country, ensure national security, and promote economic growth

Why

The Federalists believed that a strong federal government was necessary to create a stable and prosperous country

Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence is a document written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776, which declared the 13 American colonies independent from Great Britain

Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation were the first governing document of the United States, ratified in 1781

US Constitution

The US Constitution is the supreme law of the United States, ratified in 1789

Federalist Papers

The Federalist Papers were a series of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of ratifying the US Constitution

Letter from Birmingham Jail

The Letter from Birmingham Jail is a letter written by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1963 while he was imprisoned for protesting against segregation in Birmingham, Alabama

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

This Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review, which gives the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

This Supreme Court case established the supremacy of federal law over state law, and upheld the constitutionality of the federal government creating a national bank

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

This Supreme Court case established the power of the federal government to regulate interstate commerce

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

This Supreme Court case ruled that African Americans, whether enslaved or free, could not be American citizens and did not have the right to sue in federal court

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

This Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine

Schenck v. United States (1919)

This Supreme Court case established the "clear and present danger" test for free speech limitations during wartime

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

This Supreme Court case ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment

Baker v. Carr (1962)

This Supreme Court case established the principle of "one person, one vote," requiring legislative districts to be roughly equal in population

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

This Supreme Court case ruled that state-sponsored prayer in public schools was unconstitutional under the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

This Supreme Court case established the right to counsel for criminal defendants under the Sixth Amendment

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

This Supreme Court case upheld the freedom of the press to publish classified government information

Roe v. Wade (1973)

This Supreme Court case established a woman's right to have an abortion under the Fourteenth Amendment

United States v. Nixon (1974)

This Supreme Court case ruled that the President of the United States is not above the law and must comply with a subpoena for evidence in a criminal trial

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)

This Supreme Court case upheld affirmative action, but struck down racial quotas in college admissions

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

This Supreme Court case ruled that corporations and unions have the same rights as individuals to spend money on political campaigns, leading to a rise in independent spending in elections

The U.S. Constitution

The Constitution outlines the powers and responsibilities of the federal government and the states, and serves as the ultimate authority in disputes between the two

Supreme Court decisions

The Supreme Court has the power to interpret the Constitution and settle disputes between the federal and state governments, which can have a significant impact on the relationship between the two

Federal grants

The federal government often provides grants to the states for various purposes, which can influence state policies and priorities

Political climate

The political climate of the country can impact the relationship between federal and state governments, as different political parties and ideologies may have different views on the appropriate balance of power between the two