Lab 11: Hearing and Equilibrium

air conduction

transport sound through the external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, ossicles, and oval window to the cochlea

bone conduction

transports sound waves through the bones of the skull to the cochlea

conductive hearing loss

disruption to the pathway of air conduction

otitis media

tympanitis

ostoclerosis

causes of conductive hearing loss

otitis media

tympanitis

infection of the middle ear and the tympanic membrane respectively

otosclerosis

ossification of the ossicles

sensorineural hearing loss

a result of a disruption of the cochlea, the hair cells specifically, or CN VIII

inner ear infection

presbycusis

causes of sensorineural hearing loss

presbycusis

hearing loss due to aging

hair cells exposed to prolonged or loud noises, they may be damaged which results in a decrease in the ability to detect sounds in the upper freq.

central hearing loss

defects in the tracts of the CNS associated with auditory pathyway like CNS infections or tumors

vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve

responsible for conducting impulses from the vestibular apparatus to the brain, where info integrated with additional info from the eyes

vestibular system or vestibular apparatus

the sense of equilibrium involves the _____________________ and is responsible for body position in space, position relative to gravity, and also acceleration and deceleration

ampulla

What receptors are located in the semicircular canals?

macula

what receptors are located in the urticles and saccules?

endolymph (excess)

A person who has been drinking alcohol or experiencing hangover may

experience the SENSATIONS of vertigo due to changes in the density of the

inner ear infections and Meniere's disease

common pathologic causes of vertigo

tinnitus

ringing in the ears due to overproduction of endolymph

yes

Can someone with Meniere's disease also experience tinnitus?

audiometer

a device used to test a person's ability to detect

specific frequencies at specific decibel levels.

weber's test

uses the localization of hearing to detect either

conductive or sensorineural hearing loss.

Rinne's test

compares air conduction with bone conduction to

detect the location of conductive hearing loss.

Interaural time difference (ITD)

Unless a sound is directed toward the midsagittal line, there will be

a slight time difference between a sound reaching the left ear and

the right ear.

low freq. sounds

Interaural time difference is important to locating what kind of frequency?

the Interaural loudness

difference (ILD)

another factor that helps locate sound - detected by each ear

high freq. sounds

Interaural loudness difference is important to locating what kind of frequency?

nystagmus

repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes

Movement can be horizontal, vertical, rotational, or a combination ,

depending on the movement of the bod

past pointing

the inability of a person to accurately touch the

outstretched fingertips of another person.

Occurs when the person's

vestibular apparatus is not providing accurate information.