Whap Midterm Vocab

Mongols

Conquered the remaining Abbasid Empire. Drove Seljuk Turks out of Bagdad. Pushed Westward but were stopped in Egypts by the Mamluks.

Filial piety

Idea the men were the head of the household and their needs came first.

Champa rice

High caloric rice that grew in dry soil year around created a surplus in food. Came because of increased tribute trade with Vietnam.

Bubonic plague

Caused ½ of the European population dies, and the labor force of Europe is slashed, making Feudal lords want a tighter hold on their peasants. Caused some peasants to start to revolt against their working conditions.

Grand Canal

The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire.

Tribute system

A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the Aztec and Inca economies.

House of Wisdom

Delhi Sultanate

Trans-Saharan trade

Improved by the use of camels, the camel saddle, and caravans. Route that transformed West Africa by connecting it to the larger parts of the world.

Indian Ocean trade

Terrace farming

Japanese Serfdom

Portuguese Empire

Chinampas

Neo-Confucianism

Rose in Song China as a response to the rise of Buddhism. Revival of Confucian thinking, while incorporating insights of Buddhism and Daoism.

European Serfdom

Incan Empire

Centered around Lake Titicaca in Peru. Highly centralized with a main ruler over four provinces. Mit'a system, tribute empire, and Carpa Nan.

Mexica

Arose in the 13th Century near lake Texcoco which allowed for farming, fishing, and transportation. Dominated by conquering city states and creating a tribute empire.

Small pox

Manor system

Existed during a time of decentralization. Land owners would have peasants (serfs) work and live on their land.

In exchange, the Lord of the manor would provide protection for the serf. Isolated with low levels of production and low technology.

Feudalism

A military and political system that provided more protection for elites from Viking Raids.

Rules provide protection and aid to lesser lords (vassals/nobles)

Nobles employ Knights for protection. And Peasants worked the land in exchange for protection and somewhere to live.

Mali

Mansa Musa

Leader of Mali. Converted to Islam and went on a Hajj. With him came a huge caravan of wealth.

Timbuktu

By the 16th century had over 150 Quranic schools, libraries with thousands of books, rulers built mosques and arabic becomes language of trade, religion, and education.

Caravanserai

inns on the Silk Road

Animism

Belief that things in the natural world have souls.

White Lotus Society

Secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty in China; typical of peasant resistance to Mongol rule

Mandate of Heaven

Mahayana Buddhism

States that people can help each other find enlightenment and that it isn't necessary to be a monk, nun. Bodhisattvas, enlightened people not yet passed to nirvana, help others.

Camel saddles

From East Africa. Allowed camels to carry up to 600lbs increasing the ability to trade across Africa.

Sufism

Expanded Islam to common people through mystic beliefs in spiritualism over tradition and ritual. Missionaries played important role in spread of Islam to eastern Asia.

East Asia

South Asia

Delhi Sultanate (Islamic) Vijayanagara (Hindu)

Southeast Asia

Srivijaya Empire (Hindu) Majapahit (Buddhist) Khmer Empire (Hindu - Buddhist)

Bureaucracy

Song China

Theravada Buddhism

Oldest Branch of Buddhism. States that the best way to attain nirvana is to be a monk and meditate. Find one path to enlightenment; very much an individual religion.

Renaissance

Mamluk Sultanate

Turkish slaves working in Egypt who attacked and seized control of the Egyptian government created a Muslim empire across North Africa

Seljuk Turks

Muslim Turks who captured parts of the Middle East including Baghdad. Leader called himself sultan. Reduce the role of the Abbasid Caliph to Chief religious authority.

Abbasid Caliphate

Had immense advances in Algebra and medicine between the 8th and 13th centuries. Center of learning at the Baghdad House of Wisdom.

Dar al-Islam

Everything Islam touches. Regional islamic empires that made advances in math, literature, and medicine

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

Celebrated Islamic Scholar who made advances in math that laid the groundwork for trigonometry

'Aiishah al-Ba'uniyyah

The most prolific female Muslim writer before the 20th century!

Crusades

Seljuk Turks limited the travel of Christians to the Holy Land so they organized crusaders, or soldiers to reopen access. Christians who tried to end Muslim rule in the Holy Land. Was successful in some places, but most importantly it opened the West up to trade.

Bhakti movement

Movement seeking to find connections between Hinduism and Islam.

Sultanate of Malacca

Muslim city-state that grew powerful because of revenue from trade rather than agricultural or manufacturing production. They taxed boats that passed through the strait.

Vijayanagara Emire

Rajput kingdoms

Khmer Empire

Majapahit

Sukhothai kingdom

Chaco

Mesa Verde

Cahokia

Great Zimbabwe

Large and non-Islamic. Dominated African gold and trade on coastal ports in the Indian Ocean Network. Built a great wall for protection.

Ethiopia

Link between the Arab and Mediterranean world. Exposed to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. LOTS of trade because proximity to Eurasia.

Hausa kingdoms

Christianity

Main religion throughout W.Europe, and while many places traded with Asia, Africa, and Arab nations, there was a deep fear of other religions.

Judaism

Coerced labor

Confucianism

The first major religion in Song China, Confucianism emphasized filial piety

Hinduism

Silk Road

Kashgar

A central trading point where the northern and southern routes of the Silk Roads met. The city was fertile for crops and had artisans making luxury goods for sale at the market. The city also had Islamic learning.

Samarkand

During the rule of Timur Lane was the most influential captial city, a wealthy trading center known for decorated mosques and tombs. Uzbekistan

Bills of exchange

Presented at banking houses by people who stated that they were owed a certain amount and be paid that amount.

Banking houses

Locations that handled bills of exchange.

Luxury goods

goods that were not necessary to support life; made life more enjoyable

Mongol Empire

Pax Mongolica

The term used to refer to the time of economic, social, and cultural growth and stability under the Mongol rule.

Swahili city-states

African coastal cities that traded ivory, gold, and slaves.

Monasticism

Cottage Industry

Compass

Maritime tech that helped advance trade.

Akbar

Babur's Grandson. Brought the Mughal Empire to become one of the richest and best governed states in the world.

Shah Jahan

Zheng He

Ming Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty

Monsoon winds

seasonal wind in India which helped merchants understand when and where to travel across the ocean.

Caravans

Groups of traveling merchants. Made trade safer.

West Africa

Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. Became Islamic to grow political power and traded with other Muslim nations.

Gunpowder

Ibn Battuta

A Sunni muslim traveled across the vast Indian Ocean trade network in search of a greater understanding of the Muslim world.

His writings depict many things: African and Islamic economies

Political and societal information

Cultural traditions of many locations.

Marco Polo

A European traveler who went as far as China in search of great trade possibilities.

He brought back to Europe a depiction of life in China - which was far advanced from that of Europe at the time.

Protestant Reformation

Land-based empires

Diffusion of crops

Champa Rice goes from India (possibly) to Vietnam to China

Bananas are introduced to Africa

Cotton, sugar, and citrus fruits are introduced to the Mediterranean.

Sunnis

Shias