Organic Chemistry Functional Groups

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Last updated 3:21 PM on 9/15/26
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35 Terms

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Alcohol

single bond between C-O-H

<p>single bond between C-O-H</p>
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Aldehyde

a carbonyl and single bond between C-H (O=C-H)

<p>a carbonyl and single bond between C-H (O=C-H)</p>
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Alkane

only made of C and H atoms connected by single bonds. Every carbon is sp³ hybridized.

<p>only made of C and H atoms connected by single bonds. Every carbon is sp³ hybridized.</p>
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Alkene

Only C and H atoms with at lease one double bond. sp² hybridized

<p>Only C and H atoms with at lease one double bond. sp² hybridized</p>
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nitrile/ cyano

carbon atom triple bonded to a nitrogen atom

<p>carbon atom triple bonded to a nitrogen atom</p>
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Alkyne

carbon and hydrogen atoms with one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. at least one sp

<p>carbon and hydrogen atoms with one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. at least one sp</p>
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Amide

a carbonyl (carbon -eel) attached to a nitrogen atom.

<p>a carbonyl (carbon -eel) attached to a nitrogen atom.</p>
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Amine

carbon groups attached to an NH2 group

<p>carbon groups attached to an NH<sub>2</sub> group</p>
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Aromatic Compound

(smells nice) benzene ring, stable ring of carbon atoms with alternating double/pi bonds

<p>(smells nice) benzene ring, stable ring of carbon atoms with alternating double/pi bonds</p>
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Carboxylic Acid

a carbonyl single bonded to an hydroxyl group

<p>a carbonyl single bonded to an hydroxyl group</p>
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Ester

a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded directly to an alkoxy group (-O-R)

<p>a <strong>carbonyl group (C=O) bonded directly to an alkoxy group (-O-R)</strong></p>
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Ether

an oxygen in between two carbons

<p>an oxygen in between two carbons</p>
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Ketone

carbonyl functional group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms

<p>carbonyl functional group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms</p>
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Methyl group

-CH3 group

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methylene group

-CH2- group

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methine group

-CH-

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how many number of carbons in methane?

1

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how many number of carbons in ethane?

2

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how many number of carbons in propane?

3

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how many number of carbons in butane?

4

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how many number of carbons in pentane?

5

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how many number of carbons in hexane?

6

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how many number of carbons in heptane?

7

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how many number of carbons in octane?

8

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how many number of carbons in nonane?

9

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how many number of carbons in decane?

10

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how many carbons in a methyl group? what is the formula

One, -CH3

<p>One, -CH<sub>3</sub></p>
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how many carbons in a ethyl group? what is the formula?

Two, CH3-CH2—

<p>Two, CH<sub>3-</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>—</p>
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how many carbons in a propyl (or n-propyl) group? what is the formula? (write formula down)

3 carbons, CH3-CH2-CH2-

<p>3 carbons, CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-</p>
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how many carbons in a isopropyl group? what is the formula? (write formula down)

3 carbons, CH3-CH-CH3

<p>3 carbons, CH<sub>3</sub>-CH-CH<sub>3</sub></p>
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how many carbons in a butyl (or n-butyl) group? what is the formula? (write formula down)

4 carbons, CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-, straight chain

<p>4 carbons, CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-, straight chain</p>
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how many carbons in a isobutyl group? what is the formula? (write formula down)

4 carbons, CH2-CH(CH3)2

<p>4 carbons, CH<sub>2</sub>-CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></p>
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how many carbons in a sec- butyl group? what is the formula? (write formula down)

4 carbons, CH3CH2(CH)CH3 branch on the CH carbon

<p>4 carbons, CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>(CH)CH<sub>3</sub> branch on the CH carbon</p>
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how many carbons in a tert- butyl (or t- butyl ) group? what is the formula? (write formula down)

4 carbons, C (CH3)3

<p>4 carbons, C (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></p>
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what does the prefix cyclo mean?

form a carbon ring