Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System

The system that circulates blood through the body, consisting of the heart and blood vessels.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body and carbon dioxide from the body back to the lungs.

Leukocytes

White blood cells that are part of the immune system and help fight infections.

Plasma

The liquid component of blood, which makes up about 55% of its volume and contains water, salts, proteins, and other substances.

Tricuspid Valve

The inlet valve of the right ventricle that regulates blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle.

Bicuspid Valve

Also known as the mitral valve, it is the inlet valve of the left ventricle that regulates blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

Pulmonary Valve

The outlet valve of the right ventricle that controls blood flow from the heart to the pulmonary arteries.

Aortic Valve

The outlet valve of the left ventricle that regulates blood flow from the heart into the aorta.

Aorta

The largest artery in the body, which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

Coronary Circulation

The flow of blood to and from the tissues of the heart.

Diastolic Pressure

The lowest arterial pressure during the relaxation phase of the heart cycle.

Systolic Pressure

The maximum arterial pressure during the contraction phase of the heart cycle.

Manual Blood Pressure Measurement

Measuring blood pressure using a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer.

Digital Blood Pressure Measurement

Using an electronic device to measure blood pressure based on the fluctuations in the arterial pressure.

Heart Structure Layers

The three layers of the heart wall: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.

Unidirectional Blood Flow

The continuous flow of blood in one direction through the circulatory system.