Flashcards for Scientific revolution Quiz

Explain Rationalism

Rationalism is a philosophical belief that emphasizes reason as the primary source of knowledge and truth, suggesting that certain truths can be known independently of sensory experience.

Explain Empiricism

Observation of the natural world to come to general conclusions

Name 3 causes of the scientific revolution

The rise of universities, the printing press, and the challenge to traditional authorities, better scientific instruments, renewed emphasis on mathematics

How did a shift in thinking about the natural world during the Renaissance contribute to the start of the Scientific Revolution? (How did the Renaissance contribute to the Scientific Revolution?)

Depicting the natural world and copying data from observation led to questioning established beliefs, fostering an environment for scientific inquiry and discovery.

Who was known as the "Father of the Scientific Revolution"? Why?

Francis Bacon, he had created the scientific method and created inductive and deductive reasoning

How did changing ideas on the role of the individual (Humanism) affect the way scientists began to understand the physical world?

Humanism emphasized individual observation and reasoning, encouraging scientists to rely on personal experience and experimentations rather than solely on authority or tradition. (understand the natural and physical world)

How did the world views change between the Middle Ages to the Scientific Revolution?

During the middle ages the people were not that open minded and open to new information. The people of the scientific revolution were way more open minded and did a lot of research to learn newer things.

How did Descartes contribute to the new scientific thinking?

René Descartes emphasized the importance of doubt and questioning, leading to systematic inquiry and the development of analytical geometry. His famous statement "I think, therefore I am" exemplified the shift towards reason as a fundamental basis for knowledge.

Whose work did Copernicus challenge in his view of the universe? and whose work did Copernicus challenge.

Ptolemy's geocentric model , he had challenged a heliocentric model but people did not agree with him as they thought god had made it that way.

What did Newton's book Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy argue about the role of mathematics in understanding the natural world?

He had created the 3 laws of motion and people could understand many things and they could do this because all of this was justified by mathematics.

Which scientist lost his nose in a duel and had a sophisticated observatory on a private island?

Tyco Brahe

What contribution to modern science was made by Johannes Kepler?

He formulated the laws of planetary motion, describing the orbits of planets as elliptical rather than circular.

Francis Bacon created a new way of scientific thinking called inductive reasoning. How was this different from the deductive reasoning of earlier eras? 

Inductive reasoning involves forming generalizations based on specific observations, while deductive reasoning starts with general principles to reach specific conclusions. This shift emphasized experimental observation as the basis for knowledge.

How did the Renaissance's emphasis on humanism help spark scientific thinking?

The Renaissance's emphasis on humanism promoted critical thinking and inquiry into the natural world, encouraging individuals to seek knowledge through observation and reason rather than solely relying on tradition and religious doctrine.

What was Thomas Hobbes' view of human nature in his work "Leviathan"?

There was distinct ruler and the people should only follow the ruler

How did John Locke's view of human nature differ from Hobbes?

Locke believed in the inherent goodness of people, advocating for the idea that individuals are capable of rational thought and that government should be based on the consent of the governed.

What is the royal society of london

An influential scientific institution established in 1660 to promote scientific knowledge and collaboration among scientists.

What percentage of those accused of witchcraft between 1400-1700 were women?

80 %

What was René Descartes' famous philosophical statement?

"I think, therefore I am."

How did Newton explain planetary orbits?

Mutual Attraction

What was the state of women's participation in the Scientific Revolution?

Women's contributions were largely ignored or minimized, with few recognized figures in science.

What did William Harvey discover?

He discovered that the heart is the main part of the circular system

What was the main purpose of studying nature during the Scientific Revolution?

To understand the natural world and its laws, leading to advancements in science and technology.

What was Blaise Pascal's approach to faith and reason?

Blaise Pascal believed in the coexistence of faith and reason, arguing that both are necessary for understanding truth. He famously stated that the heart has its reasons, which reason does not know.

How did Newton's laws change the understanding of the universe?

Newton's laws of motion and universal gravitation provided a coherent framework that explained the movement of celestial bodies and earthly objects, revolutionizing physics and leading to a mechanistic view of the universe.

What characterized Baroque Art during this period?

Baroque Art was characterized by its dramatic use of light and shadow, intense emotional expressions, and a sense of movement, often aimed at evoking awe and emphasizing grandeur. ( use of more nature)

What was the significance of the Scientific Revolution to philosophy?

The Scientific Revolution significantly advanced philosophy by challenging traditional beliefs, promoting empiricism and the scientific method, and influencing Enlightenment thinkers to question authority and seek knowledge through reason.