The Nervous System

Nervous system 

• Rec______on

• Inte______on

• Res____se

Reception 

Integration 

Response 

1. ?

2. ?

3. ?

Integration, response, reception 

1. Reception

2. Integration

3. Response

What is the Nervous System?

The bo____ sy_____ that col____, proc_____, and res______ to information using ele____ sig______

The body system that collects, processes, and responds to information using electrical signals

Reception

Det_____on of sti___s by sen____y neu____s

Detection of stimulus by sensory neurons

Integration

Neu___l proc______ng of si_____

neural processing of signals

Response

Out___t or act____n by act______ng mus____

output or action by activating muscles

Nerve nets - loose mes___ of neu____ covering body sur____ and extending int______ 

loose meshes of neurons covering body surface and extending internally

Nerve nets

• No gan____a

• Cnid_____

• Refl_____ res________

No ganglia

Cnidarians 

Reflexive responses 

Bila_______ animals have gan____ - clu____ of ne_____ cell bo____s and bra____es

Bilaterian animals have ganglia – clusters of nerve cell bodies and brains

1. ?

2. ?

3. ?

4. ?

Cell body, dendrites, axon terminal, axon

Dendrites

Cell body

Axon

Axon terminal

1. Dendrites

Receive sig___ and tra_____ them toward ce__ bo___

Receiving signals and transmits them toward cell body

2. Cell body

Contains nuc____ and most org______

Contains nucleus and most organelles

3. Axon

Conducts sig____ aw___ from cell body to another neu____ or an effe____

Conducts signals away form cell body to another neuron or an effector 

4. Axon Terminal

Connects neu___ funct_______ w/ adjacent ne_____ or effe_____

Connects neuron functionally w/ adjacent neuron or effector

Glial Cells

Nonne____ cells that provide nut_____ and support for neu____

1. Ast_______

2. Sch______ cells 

• Nod___ of ranv___

Nonneural cells that provide nutrition and support for neurons

Astrocytes 

Schwann cells 

• nodes of ranvier 

Astrocytes

Closely co____ sur_____ of bl____ ves_____

closely cover surface of blood vessels

Schwann cells 

Wr__ around ax___ forming mye____ shea_____ - elec_____ insu_____

• Nodes of Ranvier 

Ga__ between Schwann cells that spe___ u_ elec_____ sig_____

wrap around axons forming myelin sheaths - electrical insulators 

Gaps between Schwann cells that speed up electrical signals

1. ?

2. ?

Nodes of ranvier, Schwann cells

Schwann cells

Nodes of ranvier

Synapse

Site of comm______ conn_______

2 types:

1. Ele_____ synapse

2. Che____ synapse

site of communicating connection

Electrical synapse

Chemical synapse

Electrical synapse 

Pla___ mem_____ of pre- and postsy_____ cells are in direct con____

plasma membranes of pre- and postsynaptic cells are in direct contact

Chemical synapse

Mem____ of pre- and postsy____ cells are sepa_____ed by ga_

• Produce neurotra__________

• Most common in mam_____

membranes of pre- and postsynaptic cells are separated by gap

• produce neurotransmitters

• Most common in mammals

What type of synapse

A. ?

B. ?

Electrical, chemical

electrical synapse

Chemical synapse

Vertebrate Nervous systems

CNS = cen____ nervous system

PNS = periph____ nervous system

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

CNS

• br____ and spi___ cho____

brain and spinal chord

PNS

• affer____ div_____ (sen_____ nerves)

• Effer_____ division (mot__ nerves)

  • Soma____ nervous system

  • Auto____ nervous system

    • Symp____

    • Parasym______

Afferent Division (sensory nerves)

Efferent Division (Motor Nerves)

• Somatic Nervous System

• Autonomic Nervous System

  • Sympathetic

  • Parasympathetic

Afferent Division - Sensory Neurons 

Transmit sensory info from sensory or____ to the C__

Efferent Division - Motor neurons 

Transmist signals from the C__ to mus___ and gla____

Interneurons 

Conn____s and integra____s of info within the C___

Organs to the CNS

CNS to muscles and glands 

Connectors and integrators , CNS 

1. ?

2. ?

3. ?

Motor Neurons , sensory neurons , Interneurons

1. Sensory neurons

2. Interneurons

3. Motor neurons

Central Nervous System

• bra___ and sp____ ch_____

• Gr__ ma____

• Wh___ ma_____

Brain and spinal chord 

Gray matter

White matter 

CNS

Grey matter: neu___ cell bo_____

• _0% of brain

• No mye___ she___

• Cond___, proce_____ and sends in__ to bo__

White matter: Bund____ ax____

• _0% of brain

• Inter____s in__ from bo__

Neuron cell bodies

• 60% of brain

• No myelin sheath

• Conducts, processes and sends info to body

Bundles axons

• 40% of brain

• Interprets info from body 

The vertebrate brain:

Fo__brain

M__brain

Hi__brain

Forebrain

Midbrain

Hindbrain

Forebrain: contains olfa_____ bu___ and cereb__

• processing sme___, regulation of sl____, lea____, complex proc____

contains olfactory bulb and cerebrum

• Processing smells, regulation of sleep, learning, complex processing

Midbrain: coordinates rout___ of sen___ inp__

coordinates routing of sensory input

Hindbrain: forms cere__ll__

• controls invol_____ act_____ (eg. bl____ circ_____), coordinates mot___ act_____

forms cerebellum

• Controls involuntary activities (eg. blood circulation), coordinates motor activities

1. ?

2. ?

3. ?

Midbrain, hindbrain, forebrain 

1. Forebrain 

2. Midbrain

3. Hindbrain 

Regions of the human brain

1. The cere____m

• cere___l cor___

2. The cere__ll___

3. The dience_____

• Thal____

• Hyp_tha_____

4. The Brainst___

Cerebrum

• cerebral cortex

Cerebellum

Diencephalon

• thalamus

• Hypothalamus

Brain stem

The cerebrum: Controls ske___l mus___ contraction, lea___, emo___, mem___y and perce_____

controls skeletal muscle contraction, learning, emotion, memory and perception

The Diencephalon:

Thallium: main input c____ for sen____ info going to cer_____m

Hypothalamus: Body reg_____ (therm___st__, bio cl___, hun___)

main input center for sensory info going to cerebrum

Body regulation (Thermostate, bio clock, hunger)

The brain stem: mi__b____ , po__, and med____

• Relays inf_______, coordinates vis____ ref_____, automatic homeo_____ functions

• Connects cer___m to spi___ co__

midbrain, pons and medulla

• Relays information, coordinates visual reflexes,

automatic homeostatic functions

• Connects cerebrum to spinal cord

1. ?

2. ?

3. ?

4. ?

Diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum, cerebrum

1. Cerebrum

2. Diencephalon

3. Brainstem

4. Cerebellum