Equilibria

characteristics of a dynamic equilibrium

• forward and reverse reactions are happening at the same time

• the concentration of reactants and products remain constant

effect of catalyst on equilibrium

no effect on position. speeds up forwards and backwards in equal measure. equilibrium might be reached more quickly

what is a closed system

a sealed unit where no reactants or products can escape

increase temperature

equilibrium shifts in endothermic direction

decrease temp

equilibria shifts in exothermic direction

increase pressure

shifts to side with the fewest moles

decrease pressure

shifts to side with most moles

increased concentration of reactant

shifts towards forward reaction to use up reactant

decrease concentration of reactant

shift in direction of reverse reaction to produce more reactant