5004 elementary social studies praxis

Which of the following best describes why a democratic government regulates the economy?
• To guarantee fair elections
• To protect civil rights
• To provide federal jobs
• To ensure financial stability

To ensure financial stability

Which of the following statements best describes the historical settlement of the present-day United States?
• European powers cooperated with one another to colonize new territories.
• The area was primarily populated from the East Coast to the West Coast.
• Internal migration was discouraged by local government officials.
• Large groups of Native Americans were assimilated into European

The area was primarily populated from the East Coast to the West Coast.

Which of the following most contributes to the cultural cohesion of a community?
• Diverse climate
• Common language
• Natural resources
• Market economy

Common language

Which of the following conflicts contributed to an agreement between British colonies known as the Albany Plan?
• American Revolution
• King Philip's War
• French and Indian War
• War of 1812

French and Indian War

The following excerpt is a portion of a letter from George Washington to Henry Knox in February, 1787.
"If three years ago, any person had of told me that at this day, I should see such a formidable rebellion against the laws and constitutions of our own making as now appears, I should have thought him a bedlamite (insane person)—fit subject for a madhouse..."
Which of the following rebellions is discussed in this excerpt?
• Shays' Rebellion
• Nat Turner's Rebellion
• The Whiskey Rebellion
• Stono Rebellion

Shays' Rebellion

Which TWO of the following natural resources were European explorers trying to acquire during the early exploration of North America?
• Platinum
• Zinc
• Gold
• Iron
• Silver
• Ivory

Gold and Sliver

Which of the following developments prompted the United States Congress to pass the USA PATRIOT Act?
• A Middle East oil embargo in 1973
• The start of the Iran-Iraq War
• An attack by terrorists in 2001
• The outbreak of the Cuban missile crisis

An attack by terrorists in 2001

Which of the following actions would a government most likely take to encourage economic growth?
• Lowering interest rates
• Raising income taxes
• Increasing federal regulations
• Decreasing federal spending

lowering interest rates

Which of the following doubled the size of the United States?
• The Gadsden Purchase
• The Louisiana Purchase
• The annexation of Texas
• The cession of Florida

the louisiana purchase

The following narrative is from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa (1789).
"I remember, in the vessel in which I was brought over, in the men's apartment, there were several brothers . . . sold in different lots; and it was very moving on this occasion, to see and hear their cries at parting."
Which of the following eighteenth-century practices is described by this narrative?
• Imperialism
• Mercantilism
• Chattel slavery
• Indentured servitude

Chattel slavery

Which TWO factors contributed to the failure of the Articles of Confederation?
• Congress abused its power to tax.
• Congress overregulated foreign trade.
• States printed local currencies.
• The executive branch abused its power to negotiate treaties.
• The federal government was unable to enforce laws.

States printed local currencies AND The federal government was unable to enforce laws.

With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintain it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States." United States president, 1823
Which of the following is most associated with this speech?
• Monroe Doctrine
• Roosevelt Corollary
• Louisiana Purchase
• Missouri Compromise

Monroe Doctrine

"I am of the opinion that when once these rebels have felt a smart blow, they will submit; and no situation can ever change my fixed resolution...." King George III
Which of the following is most related to the topic discussed in this excerpt?
• The Declaration of Independence
• The Louisiana Purchase
• The Constitution of the United States
• The Treaty of Paris of 1763

The Declaration of Independence

Which of the following best describes how the increasing popularity of automobiles transformed the United States during the early twentieth century?

• The percentage of people who lived in rural areas increased.

• The number of roads that were paved increased.

• The percentage of minorities who voted increased.

• The number of mass transit systems that were built increased.

The number of roads that were paved increased.

Which of the following maps would most likely be used in distinguishing cultural regions?
• A world map of languages
• A North American topographical map
• A world map of natural resources
• A precipitation map of Europe

A world map of languages

"The Conventions of a number of the States having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added." (1789)
Which of the following documents resolved the issue described by this excerpt?
• The Federalist papers
• The Articles of Confederation
• The Annals of Congress
• The Bill of Rights

the bill of rights

Which of the following is recognized by three of the world's major religions as a holy city?
• Mecca
• Cairo
• Jerusalem
• Tehran

Jerusalem

Which entrepreneur is most associated with the information revolution that developed in Silicon Valley?
• Malcolm Stevenson Forbes, Jr.
• Thomas Alva Edison
• Alexander Graham Bell
• Steven Paul Jobs

Steven Paul Jobs

Which of the following best describes how the farming techniques used by the Inca developed?
• Vast plains resulted in pastoral farming.
• Annual flooding resulted in the development of commercial farms.
• Steep mountains resulted in the development of terrace farms.
• Lack of rainfall resulted in dry farming

Steep mountains resulted in the development of terrace farms.

Which of the following was written to raise public support for the ratification of the United States Constitution?
• The South Carolina Exposition
• The Articles of Confederation
• The Virginia Declaration of Rights
• The Federalist Papers

The federalist papers

Which of the following best protects the security of citizens in a democracy?
• Limiting the number of potential candidates in elections
• Ensuring that voters are well-informed about elections
• Compensating candidates for money spent in elections
• Mandating that voters participate in elections

Ensuring that voters are well-informed about elections

Which of the following countries did the United States come into conflict with as a result of the annexation of the Republic of Texas?
• Mexico
• France
• Canada
• Spain

Mexico

Which of the following best describes President Woodrow Wilson's main justification for the entry of the United States into World War I?
• The threat of communism around the world needed to be eliminated.
• The world needed to be made safe for democracy.
• The Allied Powers demanded that war reparations be paid by Germany.
• The Central Powers launched an attack against a United States naval base.

The world needed to be made safe for democracy.

Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution extended the right to vote to women?
• Eighteenth Amendment
• Nineteenth Amendment
• Twentieth Amendment
• Twenty-First Amendment

Nineteenth Amendment

1. Availability of abundant natural resources
2. Federal laws enacted to protect property rights
3. Extensive patent laws passed
Which of the following developments was made possible as a result of the factors listed above?
• The Great Depression
• The Great Awakening
• The Industrial Revolution
• The Great Recession

The Industrial Revolution

Which of the following topics is most related to the Roman "Twelve Tables"?
• Art
• Architecture
• Philosophy
• Law

Law

Which of the following events resulted in the United States gaining control of the Philippines?
• The Vietnam War
• World War I
• The Korean War
• Spanish-American War

Spanish-American War

a Firm League of Friendship with each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them..." (1781)
Which of the following documents outlines the objectives referred to in this excerpt?
• The Declaration of Independence
• The Articles of Confederation
• The Mayflower Compact
• The Bill of Rights

The Articles of Confederation

Which of the following scenarios would most directly increase a nation's gross domestic product?
• A rise in unemployment rates
• A rapid growth in population
• A rise in the price of exported goods
• A decision to implement economic sanctions

A rise in the price of exported goods

Which of the following best describes the prime meridian?
• Longitude line that divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres
• Line of latitude that divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres
• Longitude line that demarcates the change of the calendar day
• Line of latitude that marks the most northerly point on a map

Longitude line that divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres

Which of the following describes the primary purpose of cross-cultural comparisons?
• To determine which culture is superior
• To establish the land rights of a cultural group
• To identify traits shared between cultures
• To predict cultural migration patterns

To identify traits shared between cultures

1. Rich soil
2. Abundant fishing grounds
3. Access to freshwater
Which of the following actions by European colonists was most affected by these factors?
• Creation of new maps
• Trading with Native Americans
• Founding of settlements
• Development of plantations

Founding of settlements

Which of the following describes one outcome of the Battle of Saratoga?
• The British government gave the colonists equal representation in Parliament.
• The colonists formed a military alliance with Mexico against the British.
• The battle immediately led to the surrender of all British forces in the American colonies.
• The American victory convinced France to form a military alliance with the colonists.

The American victory convinced France to form a military alliance with the colonists.

Which of the following events contributed to the outbreak of the Spanish-American War?
• Interception of the Zimmermann telegram
• Bombing of a United States naval base
• A naval confrontation in the Gulf of Tonkin
• The sinking of a United States battleship

The sinking of a United States battleship

Which of the following is best described as the study of individual economic behavior?
• Microeconomics
• Macroeconomics
• Social economics
• Institutional economics

Microeconomics

Which of the following architectural innovations is attributed to classical Greece?
• Aqueduct
• Minaret
• Ionic column
• Flying buttress

Ionic column

Which of the following would most contribute to an entrepreneur's success?
• Tariffs and exports
• Labor and exports
• Capital and tariffs
• Labor and capital

Labor and capital

Which of the following best characterizes a resource as scarce?

• The production of the resource exceeds the demand for it.

• The resource is renewable.

• The consumer demand for the resource exceeds the amount available.

• The government subsidizes the resource

The consumer demand for the resource exceeds the amount available.

Which of the following objectives is expressly stated in the preamble to the Constitution?
• Providing for the common defense and establishing political parties
• Providing for the common defense and establishing justice
• Insuring domestic tranquility and establishing voting procedures
• Promoting the general welfare and establishing political parties

Providing for the common defense and establishing justice

Which of the following describes a physical characteristic that a developer would use when planning a residential community?
• Evaluating the quality of local schools
• Assessing the median income of the surrounding communities
• Calculating the potential growth of neighboring businesses
• Analyzing the proximity to flood zones

Analyzing the proximity to flood zones

Which of the following rights is most characteristic of a democracy?
• The right to achieve financial security
• The right to worship in a government church
• The right to participate in the electoral process
• The right to a publicly funded education

The right to participate in the electoral process

Which of the following officials is the chief executive at the state level of government?
• Ambassador
• Governor
• Senator
• Mayor

Governor

Which of the following best describes why the Amazon Basin is considered a region?

• The tributaries of the Amazon River drain into the Atlantic Ocean.

• The indigenous people living in the Amazon rain forest speak the same language.

• Seasonal rainfall in the Amazon rain forest is consistent throughout the year.

• Physical characteristics are influenced by the tributaries of the Amazon River.

Physical characteristics are influenced by the tributaries of the Amazon River.

Which of the following actions is considered primarily a duty of local governments?
• Negotiating with foreign leaders
• Organizing school systems
• Printing paper currency
• Establishing border security

Organizing school systems

Which of the following describes the primary reason for the establishment of time zones in the United States?
• To create uniform borders between states
• To align all cities with the prime meridian
• To improve the efficiency of transportation
• To maintain physical national boundaries

To improve the efficiency of transportation

Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution was used to justify segregation?
• Tenth
• Sixth
• Fifth
• Third

Tenth

Which TWO of the following locations are the best examples of how human interaction can affect the environment?
• The Grand Canyon
• The Hoover Dam
• Niagara Falls
• Grand Teton
• Mount Rushmore

The Hoover Dam AND Mount Rushmore

Ramon can spend his time creating calligraphy cards or baking muffins. He chooses to bake muffins.
Which of the following economic terms best describes the calligraphy cards in this scenario?
• Scarce resource
• Production cost
• Opportunity cost
• Factor of production

Opportunity cost

Which of the following actions is the direct result of how humans impact the environment?
• Erosion
• Earthquake
• Mudslide
• Deforestation

Deforestation

Which of the following best explains why Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan used deficit spending?
• To stimulate weak economies
• To regulate financial markets
• To promote territorial expansion
• To prevent racial inequality

To stimulate weak economies

The following excerpt was written on July 4, 1776.
"When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another . . . "
Which of the following individuals was the author of this document?
• Patrick Henry
• James Madison
• Thomas Jefferson
• George Washington

Thomas Jefferson

Which of the following organizations was most responsible for the increased tensions over the shortage of a natural resource during the 1970s?
• World Customs Organization
• Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
• World Trade Organization
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Which of the following is one characteristic of a democracy?

• Citizens participate in the fair election of government officials.

• Government power is controlled by a few individuals.

• Government power is controlled by a single monarch.

• Citizens are punished for criticizing government officials.

Citizens participate in the fair election of government officials.

Sixteenth-century European explorers sought to discover alternative trade routes to which of the following?
• Australia
• North Africa
• South America
• Asia

Asia

-The first ten amendments to the Constitution
- Ratified in 1791

Bill of Rights

first amendment

5 freedoms: speech, press, religion, assembly, petition

- prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion

-abridging the freedom of speech

- infringing on the freedom of the press,

-interfering with the right to peaceably assemble

-prohibiting the petitioning for a governmental redress of grievances

2nd amendment

right to bear arms

3rd amendment

The government may not house soldiers in private homes without consent of the owner (or no quartering of soldiers)

4th amendement

Protects against unreasonable search and seizure

5th amendment

A constitutional amendment designed to protect the rights of persons accused of crimes, including protection against double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and punishment without due process of law.

6th amendment

the right:
to a speedy and public trial
to trial by an impartial jury
to be informed of criminal charges
to confront witnesses
to compel witnesses to appear in court
to assistance of counsel[111]

7th amendment

-Right to a trial by jury in civil cases over $20
- prohibits judges from overruling findings of fact by juries in federal civil trials

8th amendment

-Excessive bail shall not be required,
-excessive fines imposed
-cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

9th amendment

states that people's rights are not limited to just those listed in the Constitution.

10th amendment

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

articles of confederation

-1st constitution (agreed on by the 13 original states[colonies])
- ratified 3/1/1781
-weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade
- replaced by the current US n on 3/4/1789

constitutional convention

Meeting in 1787 of the elected representatives of the thirteen original states to write the Constitution of the United States.

2nd continental congress

delegates from the Thirteen Colonies

- meeting from 1775-1781 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

-managed the Colonial war effort

-moved incrementally towards independence

- Agreed on The of Independence (7/4/1776)

declaration of independence

the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain

federalist papers

A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to promote the ratification of the US Constitution. First published between October 1787 and April 1788

united states constitution

Created September 17, 1787
-Ratified 1788
- Continental Congress made a constitution after Articles of Confederation failed;
- central government divided into three branches: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial
- by checks and balances.
- The Bill of Rights
- national gov't that controlled taxes, army, trade, and currency.

legislative branch

Branch of government that makes the laws- Congress, Senate, House of Representatives

executive branch

the branch of government that carries out laws- President, Vice Present & Cabinet

judicial branch

Branch of government that decides if laws are carried out fairly- Supreme court, Other Federal Courts

Which quotation from the US Constitution provides for a limited federal government?

-The powers not delegated to the United States... are reserved to the states...
-he shall have power... with the advice and consent of the Senate... and shall appoint..."
-Every bill... shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States...
-Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state

"The powers not delegated to the United States... are reserved to the states...

What prompted Mormons to migrate to Salt Lake, a region of the West they believed that other pioneers did not want?

-They hoped to discover mineral resources.
-They hoped to acquire land valuable to the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad.
-They wanted to dodge the draft.
-They wanted to avoid religious persecution.

-They wanted to avoid religious persecution

What caused the United States government to abandon the Gold Standard during The Great Depression?
-Banks were collecting gold to sell for profit.
-Citizens were demanding gold in exchange for dollars.
-Gold was owed to several other countries as debt.
-There was a shortage of Gold, as the miners had over-excavated California's gold mines.

-Citizens were demanding gold in exchange for dollars.

Which best explains the American response to Hilters' reactions against the Jews in the first years of WW2?
-Interventionist strategist
-Isolationist policies
-Diplomatic intervention
-Military strike

-Isolationist policies

The Supreme Court announced for the first time the principle that a court may declare an act of Congress void if it is inconsistent with the Constitution.

Marybury v. Madison

During the Great Depression, what TWO actions did the American government take in an attempt to prevent economic collapse?
-Restricted educational opportunities for immigrants.
-Limited the income earned by laborers.
-Reformed the sale of stocks
-Regulated the stock market

Reformed the sale of stocks AND Regulated the stock market

securities act

required companies that sold stocks and bonds to provide complete and truthful information to investors

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

monitors the stock market and enforces laws regulating the sale of stocks and bonds

Which of the following were impacts of the Child Labor Laws passed in the early 19th century? Check all that apply.

-Reduced employment hours
-Increased union contributions
-Increased adult wages
-Reduced factory injuries
-Increased school enrollment

Increased adult wages, Reduced factory injuries, Reduced employment hours and increased school enrollment

As productions costs increase, so do consumer prices. What common economic situation is described in this example?
-Depreciation
-Appreciation
-Inflation
-Scarcity

Inflation

Whom did President John Adams ask to serve as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?

-Aaron Burr

-Alexander Hamilton

-Thomas Jefferson

-John Marshall

John Marshall

What are the years of WW1?
-1861-1865
-1885-1914
-1914-1918
-1949-1953

1914-1918

What are the years of WW2
-1949-1953
-1939-1945
1950-1965
-1947-1956

1939-1945

WW2 ended in the Pacific theater when?
-Mao Zedong became the Communist leader of China
-The U.S. began its "island-hopping" campaign.
-Japan surrendered to the U.S. Navy
-The U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima and later on Nagasaki

The U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima and later on Nagasaki

was founded in 1920, as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended World War I. Proposed by Woodrow Willson.

The League of Nations

The power to levy and collect taxes is an example of what types of powers?
-Reserved powers
-Expressed powers
-Delegated powers
-Concurrent powers

Concurrent powers (Both the federal and state governments have the power to levy and collect taxes of citizens, meaning it is a power that exists for both the federal and state governments, making it a concurrent power. )

monroe doctrine

President James Monroe. An American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

Treaty that ended the War of 1812 and maintained prewar conditions- President James Madison approved in 1815

Treaty of Ghent

Popular belief during 1840s- right and duty of the US to expand westward to the pacific.

Manifest Destiny

13th amendment

made slavery illegal

14th amendement

Declares that all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

15th amendment

U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed

knights of labor

Formed in 1878- calling for sweeping social and economic reform.

spanish american war

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence
- ended with Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam becoming US protectorates.

panama canal

The United States ( Theodore Roosevelt) built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. 1903-1914

open door policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.