sociology exam 1

What approach is often used to understand what’s defined as deviant within a society?

a.                  Criticism

b.                  Symbolic interactionism 

c.                   Constructivism 

d.                  Antipositivism 

 

c. Constructivism 

Sociology is defined as the: 

a.                Qualitative analysis of human phenomena.

b.                Systematic study of society and social interaction.

c.                Quantitative analysis of social transgressions.

d.                Theoretical examination of life’s origins.

b. Systematic study of society and social interaction.

Which of the following men coined the term positivism, and is widely considered the father of sociology? 

a.                Auguste Comte 

b.                Karl Marx

c.                Max Weber

d.                Émile Durkheim

a.                Auguste Comte

1.       Please define C. Wright Mills’ sociological imagination. 

a.                The theory that man evolved slowly over time. 

b.                The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics.

c.                A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams.

d.                How individuals understand their own and others’ pasts in relation to history and social structure.

d. How individuals understand their own and others’ pasts in relation to history and social structure.

A hypothesis can be defined as:

a.                A way to explain different aspects of social interactions

b.               A testable proposition

c.                An attempt to explain large-scale relationships

d.               Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them 

b. A testable proposition

The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior (or the concept that the individual and society are inseparable) is referred to as: 

a.                Dynamic equilibrium 

b.               Latent functions

c.                Dramaturgical analysis 

d.               Figuration

d.               Figuration

A paradigm can be defined as: 

a.                Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them.

b.               The social ties that bind a group of people together, such as kinship, shared location, and religion

c.                The consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated 

d.               Social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society

a.                Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them.

Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy’s argument fall under? 

a.                Structural Functionalism 

b.               Conflict Theory

c.                Symbolic Interactionism 

d.               Behaviorism

b.               Conflict Theory

Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method. 

a.                Qualitative 

b.               Pathos

c.                Logos

d.               Quantitative

d.               Quantitative

____ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored ____. 

a.     Durkheim; Communism 

b.     Max Weber; Positivism 

c.     Karl Marx; Communism

d.     Comte; Antipositivism

c.     Karl Marx; Communism

Which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on their belief in a meritocracy? 

a.     Karl Marx

b.     Max Weber

c.     Herbert Spencer

d.     Émile Durkheim

d.     Émile Durkheim

Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area.  Eleanor’s analysis is _____, while Felix’s analysis is _____. 

a.     Micro-level; macro-level

b.     Macro-level; micro-level

c.     They are both macro-level.

d.     They are both micro-level.

b.     Macro-level; micro-level

_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society. 

a.     Symbolic Interactionists

b.     Conflict Theorists

c.     Structural Functionalists

d.     Social Individualists 

c.     Structural Functionalists

Qualitative sociology can be defined as: 

a.     In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data.

b.     Virtual interactivity, online polls, and online gaming.

c.     Door-to-door sales pitches, cold calls, and press conferences. 

d.     Statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants.

a.     In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data.

Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by “following” famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging tweets with each other, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project’s ____ function, the second is an example of the project’s _____ function. 

a.     latent; manifest

b.     manifest; manifest

c.     manifest; latent

d.     latent; latent

c.     manifest; latent

Max Weber, Georg Simmel, and Karl Marx were all advocates of: 

a.     Conflict theory

b.     Structural functionalism

c.     Capitalism 

d.     Symbolic interactionism 

a.     Conflict theory

After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC’s “Occupy Wall Street” divided into two camps: one composed of higher-income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups. 

a.                Conflict theorist

b.               Structural functionalist

c.                Symbolic interactionist

d. Feminist conflict theorist 

c.                Symbolic interactionist

Weber’s proposal of antipositivism influenced sociological researchers to ______ while examining different social worlds. 

a.                Reject antiquated notions of privacy and consent

b.               Methodically predict situational outcomes 

c.                Manipulate test subjects into answering difficult questions 

d.               Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms

d.               Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms

According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact? 

a.                A religious belief

b.               A law

c.                A custom

d.               All of the above are social facts*

d.               All of the above are social facts*

Verstehen is defined by the text as: 

a.                To maintain a moral conscience. 

b.               To compare and contrast social facts.

c.                To understand in a deep way.

d.               To require proof of interpretation. 

c.                To understand in a deep way.

Alexis wants to research the 1960’s feminist movement. She reads articles from the time, watches documentaries, reads scholarly journals on the topic, and interviews influential women from the movement. What kind of research method is Alexis using?

a.     Ethnography

b.     Surveys

c.     Experiments

d.     Secondary data analysis

d.     Secondary data analysis

Reliability is defined by the text as:

a.     How well the study measures what it was designed to measure.

b.     How long a study is expected to remain relevant and influential. 

c.     How closely the study’s results align with the experimenter’s hypothesis. 

d.     A measure of a study’s consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

d.     A measure of a study’s consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

John wants to study whether having more laptops available to students at his school will lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable.

a.     Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: Number of laptops

b.     Independent variable: John; Dependent variable: Grades

c.     Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: John 

d.     Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades

d.     Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades

Quincia is studying how the lack of comprehensive sex education affects a small rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople. Quincia is conducting a(n) _____.

a.     Ethnography

b.     Case study 

c.     Experiment 

d.     Secondary data analysis 

a.     Ethnography

A class of third graders is told that the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher’s reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students behave perfectly. This is an example of ________.      

a.     The Authority Effect

b.     The Regressive Effect

c.     The Hawthorne Effect

d.     The Cognizant Effect

c.     The Hawthorne Effect

Which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological hypothesis?

a.     The more study halls students are given during the school day, the worse they perform on their tests.

b.     The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account

c.     The longer an inmate spends in prison, the more difficult it is for him to adapt to the outside world. 

d.     The more positive reinforcement a parent gives a child, the better the child does in school.

b.     The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account

Kendra is researching the effects of vitamin C on test-taking ability. Before the exam, Kendra gives group A orange juice, and group B water. Vitamin C is the ______.

a.     Experimental group

b.     Control group

c.     Dependent variable

d. Independent variable 

d. Independent variable 

The term interpretive framework can be defined as:

a.     A basis for which sociologists determine whether their independent and dependent variables reflect the results. 

b.     A sociological research approach that seeks an in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; it is not based on hypothesis testing.

c.     An established scholarly research method that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a study, and drawing conclusions.

d.     Specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study

b.     A sociological research approach that seeks an in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; it is not based on hypothesis testing.

Tyson is researching whether actors in prime-time television and hit movies negatively affect teenagers’ body image. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in. Tyson is conducting which research method?

a.     Field research

b.     Surveys

c.     Experiments

d.     Secondary data analysis

a.     Field research

Which of the following is an example of nonreactive research?

a.     Gathering data from government studies

b.     Educating classrooms on the necessities of safe sex

c.     Interviewing heroin addicts and providing them with clean needles

d.     Volunteering at a local food bank and interacting with unhoused persons

a.     Gathering data from government studies

1.       Miguel is writing a research paper on New York City’s 1969 Stonewall riots.  He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports, and watches video footage.  Miguel is conducting a(n) ______.

a.     Overview 

b.     Case study

c.     Experiment

d.     Data analysis 

 

b.     Case study

1.       Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association’s code of ethics?

a.     To guarantee the safety of their participants

b.     To maintain value neutrality

c.     To ensure the financial gain of the researchers

d.     To foster professionally responsible scholarship in sociology

c.     To ensure the financial gain of the researchers

1.       The term value neutrality is defined by the text as:

a.     A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during a study and in publishing results.

b.     The study of evolving ethics and morals in relation to sociological research.

c.     A systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand.

d.     A study’s participants are randomly selected to represent a larger population.

a.     A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during a study and in publishing results.

Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public’s perception of World War II. This is an example of ______.

a.     Tertiary data

b.     Interactive data

c.     Primary data

d.     Secondary data

d.     Secondary data

Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice?

a.     Conducting a literature review prior to conducting an experiment 

b.     Drawing conclusions from a study which the hypothesis did not predict 

c.     Observing study participants without their consent

d.     Using a control group and an experimental group during observation

c.     Observing study participants without their consent

Thomas wants to better understand the trends in literacy rates in Baltimore City over the past 50 years using Baltimore City data. What type of research should Thomas conduct?

a.     A survey

b.     Field research

c.     An experiment 

d.     Secondary data analysis

d.     Secondary data analysis

1.       What is the importance of an interpretive framework?

a.     It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant’s social world.

b.     It eliminates the need for a literature review. 

c.     It relies on statistics to determine causal relationships.

d.     It prevents researchers from making unethical decisions.

 

a.     It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant’s social world.

1.       Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method?

a.     Research existing sources

b.     Report results 

c.     Receive corroboration from the field

d. Formulate a hypothesis

c.     Receive corroboration from the field

Kevin conducted a study to determine whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected how much customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it.

Malcolm conducted the study at his local Starbucks and found the same results. Kevin’s study had a high level of _____.

a.     Literacy

b.     Validity

c.     Interpretation 

d.     Reliability

d.     Reliability

To better understand the sorority pledging process at her university, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority for her sociology thesis. This is an example of _____.

a.     Literature review 

b.     Participant observation

c.     Secondary data analysis

d.     Dependent variables 

b.     Participant observation

What was the major ethical lapse of the Tuskegee Experiment?

a.     Conducting a study only on Black people 

b.     Giving the men who were infected the wrong treatment

c.     Not informing the subjects of the study that they had syphilis 

d.     Not adhering to a code of ethics

c.     Not informing the subjects of the study that they had syphilis

What was the major ethical lapse regarding researchers' treatment of Henrietta Lacks?

a.     Not treating her cervical cancer

b.     Reusing her cells without her consent 

c.     Reusing her cells in vaccines and related medicines

d.     Not acknowledging that the cells came from her

 

b.     Reusing her cells without her consent

1.       Society and culture _____.

a.     Could not exist without each other

b.     Are unrelated 

c.     Are the same thing

d.     Could not exist together

a.     Could not exist without each other

Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and, to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States.  “I hate the food,” she tells her family at home. “I hate the language; I hate the weird customs and awful music.  America is clearly the best place to be.”  This is an example of _______.

a.                Paradigms 

b.               Xenocentrism

c.                Moral relativism 

d.               Ethnocentrism

d.               Ethnocentrism

Xenocentrism is: 

a.                The opposite of cultural relativism

b.               The opposite of cultural universalism

c.                The same as cultural imperitivism

d.               The opposite of ethnocentrism

 

d.               The opposite of ethnocentrism

A cultural universal is:

a.                An object or a belonging of a group.

b.               A pattern or trait common to all societies.

c.                The ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society.

d.               A written document outlining appropriate behavior.

b.               A pattern or trait common to all societies.

Many Americans pay for haircuts, trips to the dentist, or transportation on the metro and bus systems. These actions support the notion of capitalism, an example of _____.

a.                Non-material culture

b.               Material culture

c.                A cultural universal 

d.               The counterculture

a.                Non-material culture

Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal?

a.                Some type of religious practice

b.               Holding hands with your best friend 

c.                A funeral or related practice related to those who have died

d.               Marrying the partner whom your parents have chosen for you

c.                A funeral or related practice related to those who have died

Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village on a class trip.  “Let’s see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I think they’ll appreciate it. They just don’t understand what they’re missing.” Mitch rolls his eyes. Kurt’s perspective is an example of _______.

a.      Behavioral normativity 

b.     Cultural imperialism

c.      Material culture

d.     Ideal culture 

b.     Cultural imperialism

Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism?

a.      Ingrid becoming upset over the coarse language used in the Australian Outback. 

b.     Andy marrying a woman who does not practice his religion, though his parents disapprove. 

c.      Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying.

d.     Joseph protesting the Running of the Bulls while visiting Pamplona.  

c.      Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying.

Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility by the locals. As a result of the event, she has difficulty speaking with members of her family and questions her previous approach to style and fashion.

Angelica is most likely experiencing _____.

a.      Globalization 

b.     Culture shock

c.      Material culture

d.     Xenocentricism

b.     Culture shock

The term values can be defined as:

a.      The tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. 

b.     A culture’s standard for discerning what’s good and just in society.

c.      Scripture found within the Bible.

d. Federal laws and regulations

b.     A culture’s standard for discerning what’s good and just in society.

Janet is invited to a theme party on campus, at which everyone is supposed to dress as their favorite video game character.  She wears her usual attire -- jeans and a lightweight jacket --and, as a result, not many people associate with her at the party.  The host implies that Janet should leave but doesn't demand it. Janet is experiencing:

a.      Formal sanction

b.     Xenocentricism

c.      Social control

d.     Ethnocentricity 

c.      Social control

Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States?

a.      Driving on the right-hand side of the road

b.     Crossing streets on crosswalks

c.      Paying taxes

d.     Making eye contact while speaking

d.     Making eye contact while speaking

What is one difference between a more and a folkway?

a.      Mores encourage social rebellion; folkways do not.

b.     Mores are legally acceptable to violate; folkways are not.

c.      Mores are constructed based on norms; folkways are not.

d.     Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not.

d.     Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not.

The term language can be defined as:

a.      Gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words that help people understand the world.

b.     A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.

c.      The exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching a consensus. 

d.     Communication grounded in ideals, norms, and values.

 

b.     A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.

Imagine two nearby nations, one of which has a long coastline along the ocean and the other that does not. The nation that borders the ocean is known for detailed poems and stories about marine wildlife and fishing. The nation that does not border the ocean is better known for stories of warfare. If researchers attribute this difference to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, what would they most likely indicate is the difference between the two countries' arts?

a.      The country near the ocean has more direct experience with the ocean, which is why its culture reflects it. 

b.     The country closer to the ocean had more encounters with traders and explorers from other regions, who shared their culture and arts.

c.      The country closer to the ocean speaks a language with a greater vocabulary related to the ocean. 

d.     The country closer to the ocean has incorporated the ocean and maritime life into its ethnic identity. 

c.      The country closer to the ocean speaks a language with a greater vocabulary related to the ocean.

TV series like The Real Housewives and The Masked Singer are examples of _____, while the obscure works of playwright Sam Shepard are an example of ______.

a.                High culture; popular culture

b.               Popular culture; high culture

c.                High culture; low culture

d.               Jersey culture; low culture

 

b.               Popular culture; high culture

What is the best example of a counterculture?

a.                Vegan people

b.               People who homeschool their children

c.                People who live "off the grid" -- no electricity or communication

d.               People who continually prepare for natural disasters

c.                People who live "off the grid" -- no electricity or communication

For most of the 1990s and early 2000s, music fans usually had to purchase entire music albums even if they only wanted one or two songs.  The iTunes store enabled individual song purchases to give users more choice.  What did this represent?

a.                An innovation

b.               A discovery   

c.                A culture shock

d.               A diffusion

a.                An innovation

TJ notices that their new neighbor is building a machine in the backyard. When TJ inquires what it is, their neighbor explains that it’s a pumpkin catapult for a competition and shows TJ dozens of pictures of various national events and tournaments involving hundreds of people. TJ's neighbor is involved in a:

a.                Counterculture

b.               Out-group

c.                Subculture

d.               Culture

c.                Subculture

Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction?

a.                A teacher taking a cell phone from a middle school student because they would not stop playing with it in class.

b.               Someone being incarcerated for damaging property.

c.                A power company turning off electricity because of lack of payment.

d.               A teacher publishing a late-submission policy.

a.                A teacher taking a cell phone from a middle school student because they would not stop playing with it in class.

After teenage activists Greta and Bruno Rodriquez led school walkouts in their respective home countries, Sweden and Argentina, students around the world began staging similar protests. This is an example of:

a.                Globalization

b.               Innovation

c.                Diffusion 

d.               Socialization

c.                Diffusion

_____ describes how any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern.

a.                Institutionalization

b.               Habitualization

c.                Industrialization

d.               Rationalization

 

b.               Habitualization

____ societies relied on permanent tools for survival and expanded due to innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizer. 

a.                Industrial 

b.               Feudal

c.                Agricultural

d.               Hunter-gatherer 

c.                Agricultural

Which of the following is NOT an example of self-fulfilling prophecy?

a.                Charlotte is an intelligent teenager, but she’s told by her stepsisters and cousins that she’s destined for a life of poverty and failure. Charlotte begins to do poorly in school and eventually drops out.

b.               Though encouraged by his parents to audition for Juilliard, Jose believes he isn’t good enough to attend. After his audition, he expresses this reluctance to the admissions committee. They don’t admit him because of his uncertainty.

c.                Morgan overhears a professor predicting the economic recession will prevent entry-level graduates from finding gainful employment. Morgan goes on interviews but doesn’t bother preparing, convinced it’s a waste of time. Morgan appears unprofessional and is not hired.

d.               Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.

 

d.               Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.

The Agricultural Revolution is often referred to as “dawn of civilization” because:

a.                Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities.

b.               Societies began to form where rainfall was plentiful; groups were able to cultivate crops rather than live nomadic lifestyles.

c.                Tribes became nomadic, traveling to various locations in search of sustenance.

d.               Animals were first domesticated as a resource for survival. 

 

a.                Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities.

Please place the following societies in chronological order:

a.     Pastoral; Hunter-gatherer; Horticultural; Agricultural 

b.     Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Agricultural; Horticultural 

c.     Pastoral; Agricultural, Hunter-gatherer; Horticultural 

d.     Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural

d.     Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural

If a young girl in a family is expected to take on the cooking and cleaning roles while her mother is at work, she is most likely aligning to: 

a.     Achieved status

b.     Ascribed status

c.     Underlying status

d.     Role strain

b.     Ascribed status

A single-parent paralegal is asked to take an extra shift three times per week during which he must organize files for another lawyer. The extra work keeps him away from his son and leaves him unable to keep up with the housework.  He is experiencing:

a.     Ascribed status

b.     Achieved status

c.     Role strain

d.     Role conflict

d.     Role conflict

Functionalist Émile Durkheim viewed society as:

a.     An even playing field composed of the educated and uneducated

b.     Split between two classes categorized by education, kinship, and religion

c.     The product of class struggle, requiring social revolutions to correct rampant class inequality

d.     An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy

d.     An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy

On the first day of high school, Kaitlin overhears a group of girls calling her “goth” and “emo.” She soon begins to don more black clothing and dark makeup, and to seek out friends who dress the same way. This is an example of ______.

a.     Institutionalization

b.     Role performance

c.     Role strain

d.     Ascribed status

b.     Role performance

1.       Which of the following is NOT an example of organic solidarity?

a.     A Ford Motors employee assembling taillights on an assembly line

b.     A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama

c.     A fast-food employee putting burgers into their buns

d.     A toll-booth employee collecting toll change

b.     A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama

Alienation is defined by the text as:

a.     The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self.

b.     Social forces considered real which exist outside the individual.

c.     The act of defying social norms in favor of group unity 

d.     The strength of ties that people have to their social groups was a key factor in social life

a.     The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self.

Which of the following is NOT one of Marx’s four types of alienation?

a.     Alienation from the product of one’s labor

b.     Alienation from oneself

c.     Alienation from others

d.     Alienation from one’s religion

d.     Alienation from one’s religion

A judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her power suit. A ____ would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management.

a.     Functionalist

b.     Symbolic interactionist

c.     Feminist

d.     Conflict theorist

b.     Symbolic interactionist

Durkheim defined ______ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society.

a.     The iron cage

b.     Collective conscience

c.     Bourgeoisie 

d.     Anomie

b.     Collective conscience

As industrialization began to boom, Durkheim believed people were more susceptible to anomie because:

a.     Collective norms are weakened.

b.     Society no longer has the support of the collective consciousness. 

c.     Specialization of labor leads to alienation. 

d.     All of the above

  d. All of the above

Karl Marx asserted that the means of societal change existed in the tension between:

a.                The enslaved bourgeois reclaiming power from the controlling proletariat. 

b.               The bourgeois struggling for the allocation of resources amongst themselves.

c.                The working-class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois.

d.               The proletariat fighting each other for a position within the bourgeois.

c.                The working-class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois.

The concept of anomie can be defined as:

a.                A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness.

b.               How strongly a person is connected to his or her social group.

c.                A person’s beliefs and ideology conflict with her best interests.

d.               When one or more of an individual’s roles clash.

a.                A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness.

Which of the following is an example of role conflict?

a.                Derek attends law school and becomes a lawyer, though he dreams of one day becoming the next John Grisham. 

b.               Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive.

c.                Alex takes a sabbatical from his job as a professor of Molecular Biology to raise his two young children.

d. Krista lands a role on Days of Our Lives and begins receiving fan mail from fans across the country

b.               Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive.

Charles Cooley’s concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that:

a.     Self-esteem is directly correlated with body image.

b.     The media encourages society to base their appearances on visible public figures.

c.     People base their self-images on how they think others see them.

d. Personal identity isn’t influenced by outside social forces

c.     People base their self-images on how they think others see them

The term institutionalization can be defined as:

a.                The idea that society is constructed by us and those before us, and it is followed like a habit.

b.               The act of implanting a convention or norm into society.

c.                A status a person chooses, such as a level of education or income.

d.               Responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to their rank and role in society.

b.               The act of implanting a convention or norm into society.

During her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates, watching as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware, then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie’s experience in the lunchroom is an example of _____.

a.     Socialization

b.     Role fulfillment

c.     Resocialization

d.     Anticipatory socialization

a.     Socialization

Erik Erikson’s theory explains:

a.     Why Rhesus Monkeys preferred terry cloth maternal stand-ins versus the maternal stand-ins that provided food.

b.     How human sexual desire is linked to the development of a personality.

c.     When human moral development begins in an individual. 

d.     How societal actions shape personalities across the eight basic stages of life.

d.     How societal actions shape personalities across the eight basic stages of life.

Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role?

a.     Taking a young boy to the aquarium.

b.     Buying a girl a toy kitchen to play with.

c.     Letting a girl wear pants to school.

d.     Allowing a boy to sleep with his blanket.

b.     Buying a girl a toy kitchen to play with.

According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, when do humans begin to think about the feelings of other people and begin to see the world through other people’s eyes?

a.     When they are born.

b.     When they first go to school.

c.     In their teenage years

After they graduate from college.

c.     In their teenage years

George Herbert Mead’s specific path of development for individuals is as follows:

a.     Preparatory stage, play stage, game stage, generalized other stage

b.     Game stage, play stage, generalized other stage, preparatory stage

c.     Preparatory stage, game stage, play stage, generalized other stage

d.     Generalized other stage, preparatory stage, play stage, game stage 

a.     Preparatory stage, play stage, game stage, generalized other stage

Katrina, age 5, and Sharon, age 4, love to play together while their mothers chat. Katrina has a toy iron and washing machine. She and Sharon spend hours “washing” and “ironing” her baby doll’s clothes, just like they see their mothers do. Which of

George Herbert Mead’s stages of development are Katrina and Sharon exemplifying? 

a.     The preparatory stage

b.     The play stage

c.     The game stage

d.     The “generalized other” stage

a.     The preparatory stage

When considering the reasons for a significant uptick in students withdrawing from a college and not returning (i.e., dropping out), what is the difference in what sociologists and psychologists might study?

a.     Sociologists might study mental health issues, and psychologists may consider changes in grading practices at the school.

b.     Sociologists might study changing demographics at the college, and psychologists might consider whether dietary options or other health factors might have changed.

c.     Sociologists might study the types of support structures for students, and psychologists might study whether a recent protest conflict resulted in trauma or emotional distress.

d.     Sociologists might study the levels of emotional distress in the withdrawn students, and psychologists might study the impact of a new first-year experience program.

c.     Sociologists might study the types of support structures for students, and psychologists might study whether a recent protest conflict resulted in trauma or emotional distress.

During a kindergarten music break, the teacher makes a student feel bad because the student cannot play the piano. The teacher is surprised because they know the child's parents are both professional musicians. Which arena is the core of the teacher's assumption?

a.     Kohlberg’s theory of Moral Development

b.     George Herbert Mead’s theory of self-development

c.     Nature vs. Nurture

d.     Freud’s theory of self-development

c.     Nature vs. Nurture

Parents often socialize their children to:

a.     Understand and follow different norms from what they themselves follow

b.     Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow

c.     Ignore society and create their own norms and follow them regardless of consequences

d.     Ignore society and live alone without much interaction with other people

b.     Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow

Education is important to society because:

a.     It teaches children facts about the world they live in.

b.     It teaches children how to interact with their peers and helps them to gain social graces.

c.     It teaches children how to react to authority and how to behave in group and one-on-one situations.

d.     All of the above

d.     All of the above

The transition from college life to work life can be quite difficult for many young adults in the United States. Which is a possible cause for this struggle?

a.     The status quo has been maintained for a substantial period, and now the economy and government are undergoing significant changes.

b.     Many young people are in the same situation, so drawing on expertise or knowledge from peers’ experiences is difficult.

c.     Finding a job, renting an apartment, and being independent can be daunting and seem insurmountable.

d.     All of the above

d.     All of the above

Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o’clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o’clock, and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o’clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition?

a.     A shift in her desire to enjoy life.

b.     A shift in her reading habits.

c.     Resocialization.

d. A complete and permanent loss of herself

c.     Resocialization.

Peer groups are important to adolescents because: 

a.     They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents’ parents.

b.     They provide the second major socialization experience outside their families.

c.     They rank higher in importance to adolescents than parental influence.

d.     They help exert dependence among adolescents. 

a.     They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents’ parents.

To control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of _______.

a.     An entry test that must be passed

b.     A degradation ceremony

c.     A graduation ceremony

d.     An exit test that must be passed

b.     A degradation ceremony

Sumaira is scared that she will not find a job in the current economy. She decides to major in business and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed:

a.     A degradation ceremony.

b.     Developing her sense of self.

c.     Anticipatory socialization.

d.     Developing her sense of morality.

c.     Anticipatory socialization.

1.       Mark, whose parents are wealthy, has been socialized to believe that he can be whoever he wants to be. His best friend Matt, whose parents are blue-collar workers, has been socialized to believe that hard work and following instructions are all he needs to support himself. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?

a.     Structural Functionalism

b.     Conflict

c.     Symbolic Interactionism

d.     Feminist Theory

b.     Conflict

Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave

them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by passing down their societal values, thereby sustaining the society they love so much. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?

a.     Structural Functionalism

b.     Conflict

c.     Symbolic Interactionism

d.     Feminist Theory

a.     Structural Functionalism