Medical Terminology Unit6- Chapter 10

cerebrum functions: 

Thinking, personality, sensations, movements, memory

cerebellum functions:

Coordination of voluntary movements and balance

Pons and Midbrain functions:

Connection of nerve and nerve fiber pathways, including those to the eyes and face

Medulla oblongata

Nerve fibers cross over, left to right and right to left; contains centers to regulate heartbeat, blood vessels, and respiratory system or breathing

alges/o

sensitivity to pain

angi/o

vessel (blood)

caus/o

burn; burning

cephal/o

head

cerebell/o

cerebellum (posterior part of the pain)

cerebr/o

cerebrum (largest part of the brain)

comat/o

deep sleep

crani/o

skull

cry/o

cold

dur/o

dura meter

encephal/o

brain

esthesi/o

nervous sensation (feeling)

gli/o

glial cells; neuroglial cells (supportive tissue of nervous system)

hydr/o

water

kines/o, kinesi/o

movement

lex/o

word; phrase

mening/o, meningi/o

meninges

my/o

muscle

myel/o

spinal cord; bone marrow

narc/o

numbness; stupor; sleep

neur/o

nerve

olig/o

scanty

pont/o

pons (a part of the brain)

radicul/o

nerve root

spin/o

spine (backbone)

syncop/o 

to cut off; cut short; faint 

tax/o 

order; coordination

thalam/o

thalamus

thec/o

sheath

troph/o

nourishment; development

vag/o

vagus nerve

a-, an-

no; not; without

dys-

bad; painful; difficult; abnormal

epi-

above; upon; on

hemi-

half

hyper-

above; excessive

hypo-

deficient; below; under; less than normal

intra- 

within; into 

micro-

small

para-

near; beside; abnormal; apart from; along the side of

polio-

gray matter ( of brain or spinal cord)

poly-

many; much; increased

quadri-

four

sub-

under; below

algesia-

sensitivity to pain

-algia

pain

-blast

embryonic; immature cell

-cele

hernia 

-esthesia

nervous sensation (feeling)

-gram

record

-graphy

process of recording

-ine

pertaining to

-itis

inflammation

-kinesia, -kinesis

movement

-kinetic

pertaining to movement

-lepsy

seizure

-oma

tumor; mass; fluid collection

-ose

full of; pertaining to; sugar

-paresis

weakness

-pathy

disease; emotion

-phagia

condition of feeling; swallowing

-phasia

speech

-plegia 

paralysis; palsy

-praxia 

action 

-ptosis

falling; drooping; prolapse

-sclerosis

hardening

-sthenia

strength

-tomy

process of cutting

-trophy 

nourishment; development (condition of)

acetylcholine

Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells.

afferent nerves

Carry nervous impulses toward the brain and spinal cord; sensory nerves.

akinetic

Pertaining to loss or absence of voluntary movement.

analgesia

Absence of sensitivity to pain.

anencephaly

Congenital condition of partial or complete absence of brain matter.

anesthesia

Absence of nervous feeling or sensation, or a condition of no nervous sensation

aphasia

Inability to speak; language function is impaired due to injury to the cerebral cortex.

apraxia

Inability to perform purposeful acts or manipulate objects.

arachnoid membrane

Middle layer of the meninges that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.

astrocyte

Glial cells

ataxia

without coordination

autonomic nervous system

Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs.

axon

Microscopic fiber that carries a nervous impulse along a nerve cell.

blood-brain barrier

Blood vessels that let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out.

bradykinesia

slow movement 

brainstem

Lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

cauda equina

Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord.

causalgia

Intense burning pain, often resulting from injury to a peripheral nerve.

cell body

Part of the nerve cell (neuron) that contains the nucleus.

central nervous system

Brain and spinal cord.

cephalgia

head pain; headache 

cerebellar

Pertaining to the cerebellum.

cerebellopontine

Pertaining to the cerebellum and pons.

cerebellum

Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance.

cerebral cortex

Outer region of the cerebrum.

cerebrospinal fluid

Clear, watery fluid that circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord.

cerebrum

Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory, among other functions