Philosophy 1.3 FC

Logic

Structure of argument

Argument

connected series of propositions

Premises

Claims that provide evidence to back up conclusion

Inference

The act of reasoning that connects the premises to the conclusion

Deductive arguments

Conclusion = Premises

Valid argument

Impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false

Fallacy

A flaw in reasoning that makes the argument invalid

Counter example

a scenarion in which the premises of the argument are true while the conclusion is false

Are counter example arguments valid?

No

Purport

To claim or appear to be true

Inductive inference

Premesis supports a broad, general conclusion

Abductive inference

Logical process starting with an obsrvation and demanding the simplest, most likely explanation

Cogent

Strong inductive and abductive arguments with true premises

Antecedent

a thing, word, or event that comes before another

Concequent

happening as a result or effect of something else