Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering non-communicable diseases, communicable diseases, relevant Philippine laws, prevention strategies, and neglected tropical diseases.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs)

Diseases that cannot be transmitted from a diseased host to a susceptible one.

Communicable diseases (CDs)

Diseases caused by pathogenic agents which can be transmitted from an infected host to a non-infected but susceptible host.

Ischemic heart disease

Commonly known as heart disease; it is categorized as the number 1 killer of the world.

Stroke

The 3rd leading cause of death where blood supply to the brain is interrupted.

Major NCDs in the Philippines

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), Cancer, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and Diabetes mellitus.

Intervention

Taking action to control a disease in progress.

Eradication

The uprooting or total elimination of a disease from the human population.

Primary Prevention (NCD)

Actions such as providing unhealthy food supply, housing, and education opportunities to prevent the onset of illness before the disease process begins.

Secondary Prevention (NCD)

Measures leading to early diagnosis and prompt treatment, such as mass screenings for chronic diseases.

Tertiary Prevention (NCD)

Efforts to retrain, re-educate, and rehabilitate people following significant illness, including PT/OT services.

Tobacco Regulation Act (RA 9211)

A law that regulates tobacco use, including advertising restrictions and smoking bans in public places.

Sin Tax Law (RA 10351 & RA 11467)

Laws that impose higher excise taxes on tobacco and alcohol products to discourage consumption and fund health programs.

Universal Health Care (UHC) Act (RA 11223)

Legislation that strengthens primary healthcare services and ensures access to preventive and curative care for NCDs.

Healthy Lifestyle Promotion Act (RA 10028)

Government initiative encouraging physical activity and healthy eating habits.

Epidemiological Triad

A model consisting of the Host (demographic/biological traits), Agent (biological/physical/chemical), and Environment (physical/social/biological).

SARS CoV-2

The etiology (infectious agent) of COVID-19.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The etiology of Tuberculosis.

Treponema pallidum

The etiology of Syphilis.

Secondary Prevention (CD)

Prevention measures including isolation, surveillance, quarantine, and drug treatment.

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)

A group of preventable and treatable parasitic, viral, and bacterial diseases that affect more than one billion people, primarily in tropical areas.

Metacercariae

The infective stage of foodborne trematodiases (flukes).

Schistosomiasis

A disease caused by agents like Schistosoma japonicum, often transmitted when cercariae released by snails penetrate human skin.

Soil-transmitted helminths

Parasitic worms including Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura (whipworm), and hookworms (Ancyclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus).

Lymphatic Filariasis

A disease where filarial parasites spread by mosquitoes impair the function of lymphatic vessels; targeted for elimination as a public health problem.

Leprosy prevalence goal

Achieving a prevalence of less than $1.0/10,000$ population.