Archer NCLEX Pharm Review

What is the antidote for acetaminophen?

Acetylcysteine

What is the antidote for benzos?

flumazenil

What is the antidote for cyanide poisoning?

methylene blue

What is the antidote for digitalis?

digoxin immune fab

What is the antidote for ethylene poisoning?

fomepizole

What is the antidote for heparin & enoxaparin?

protamine sulfate

What is the antidote for iron?

deferoxamine

What is the antidote for lead?

succimer

What is the antidote for magnesium sulfate?

calcium gluconate

What is the antidote for narcotics?

naloxone

What is the antidote for warfarin?

vitamin K (phytonadione)

What is the common ending for penicillins?

“-cillin”

What is the common starting for cephalosporins?

“Cef-”

What is the common ending for carbapenems?

“-penem”

What is the common ending for tetracyclines?

“-cycline”

What is the common ending for macrolides?

“-mycin”

What is the common ending for aminoglycosides?

“-cin”

What is the common starting for sulfonamides?

“Sulf-”

What are two common anti-tuberculosis agents?

isoniazid and rifampin

Antivirals commonly end in what?

“-vir”

SSRIs commonly end in what endings?

“-tine” or “-pram”

TCAs commonly end in what?

“-triptyline”

What is a common first-generation antipsychotic?

Haloperidol

What do second generation antipsychotics commonly end in?

“-pine”

What do benzos commonly end in?

“-pam”, “-lam”

What do phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors end in?

“-afil”

What do corticosteroids commonly end in?

“-asone”, “-olone”

what do barbiturates (sedatives) commonly end in?

“-bital”

what do bisphosphonates commonly end in?

“-dronate”

What do PPIs end in?

“-prazole”

Antifungals commonly end in what?

“-azole”

what should be avoided with metformin?

contrast dye (nephrotoxic)

What disease process should avoid beta-blockers?

asthma —> risk for bronchospasm

NSAIDs are hard on what organ?

renal

Acetaminophen is hard on what organ?

liver

What med classes should avoid grape juice?

CCBs, Statins, anticoagulants

Nitroglycerin should not be combined with what medication class?

erectile dysfunction meds —> risk for profound hypotension

Parkinson’s patients should avoid what medication class?

Cox-2 inhibitors

Hypertension patients should avoid what medications?

NSAIDs

What is a common daily seizure prevention medication?

phenytoin

What is an adverse side effect of phenytoin?

gingival hyperplasia

What should be avoided while taking phenytoin?

antacids

what is max dose of acetaminophen per day?

4 g/ day (3g if daily)

Why is aspirin avoided in kids?

risk of Reye’s Syndrome

what is used to slow contractions in preterm labor?

tocolytics (terbutaline, mag sulfate)

Oxytocin does what to labor?

induces it

when should oxytocin be stopped?

tachysystole (> 5 contractions in 10 min)

Who is RhoGAM given to and when?

Rh- moms, 28 weeks & w/in 72 hours of delivery

what drug classes are contraindicated in pregnancy?

ACE/ARBs, warfarin, tetracylines, isotretinoin, statins

what meds should be avoided in breastfeeding moms?

lithium, ergotamine, chemo agents, methotrexate

what medication is given to mature fetal lungs?

betamethasone

what are signs of mag toxicity?

loss of DTR, RR < 12

When mixing two insulins, which do you draw up first?

regular insulin

What is metformin’s most concerning adverse effect?

lactic acidosis

When should levothyroxine be taken?

in am, empty stomach, lifelong

Aminoglycosides cause what?

oto- and nephro toxicity

fluoroquinolones carry what risk?

tendon rupture and Qt prolongation

tetracycline nursing considerations?

avoid dairy, sun, pregnancy, and kids under 8

Sulfa drugs nursing considerations?

stop for any rash; risk for Steven’s-Johnson syndrome

Vancomycin given too quickly causes what?

Red Man Syndrome (flushing, rash, pruritus, urticaria, tachycardia, and hypotension)

• preferred in central line

• over 60 minutes

LABAs (such as salmeterol) is used for what?

control/maintenance drug (neber rescue)

What should you teach patients taking inhaled corticosteroids?

rinse mouth after use (risk of oral thrush)

When taking a bronchodilator and inhaled corticosteroid, which should be used FIRST?

Bronchodilator

What is an example of a rescue inhaler med?

Albuterol

Beta-2 agonists (LABAs and SABAs) carry what side effects?

tachycardia, angina, tremors

What are two common drug classes used for maintenance of asthma?

leukotriene modifiers (montelukast) and long-acting beta agonists (salmeterol)

When should PPIs be taken?

30-60 minutes before a meal

H2 blockers have what common ending?

“-tidin”

What is a common example of an H2 blocker?

famotidine

Can H2 blockers be given with meals?

yes

What are long-term risks of PPIs?

B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia, fractures, C. diff

What should bulk-forming laxatives be taken with?

full glass of water

When should antidiarrheals be avoided?

suspected infectious diarrhea (ex: C. diff)

What is the only definitive treatment for malignant hyperthermia?

dantrolene

how should unopened vials of insulin be stored?

refrigerator

what SSRI is commonly used to treat Bulimia?

Fluoxetine

What is the MOST common adverse effect of most antitubercular drugs?

hepatotoxicity

which insulin is the only one that can be ran via IV?

regular insulin

How is glucagon administered?

IM

Holding rule for metformin with contrast?

24 hours before and 48 hours after

What adverse effect that can occur with PPI’s should be reported immediately?

Black, tarry stools