test 3

The smooth muscle of the digestive viscera is served parasympathetically by the

Lesser thoracic splanchnic nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Greater thoracic splanchnic nerve

Sacral nerve

Vagus nerve

Vagus nerve

The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the

Lesser thoracic splanchnic nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Greater thoracic splanchnic nerve

Sacral nerve

Vagus nerve

Vagus nerve

Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number

CN II (Optic)

CN III (Oculomotor)

CN VII (Facial)

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

CN X (Vagus)

CN X (Vagus)

Tear secretions are governed by parasympathetic fibers within which cranial nerve?

CN III (Oculomotor)

CN V (Trigeminal)

CN VII (Facial)

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal

CN X (Vagus)

CN VII (Facial)

The cranial nerve that supplies parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic organs is:

CN II (Optic)

CN III (Oculomotor)

CN VII (Facial)

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal

CN X (Vagus)

CN X (Vagus)

Which of the following is a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

Contraction of the pupils

Decreased peristalsis of the digestive viscera

Faster heart rate

Increased sweating

Thick, mucousy saliva

Contraction of the pupils

Which of the following is a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

Dilation of the pupils

Decreased peristalsis of the digestive viscera

Defecation

Increased sweating

Thick, mucousy saliva

Defecation

Which of the following is a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

Decreased peristalsis of the digestive viscera

Dilation of the pupils

Elimination of urine

Faster heart rate

Thick, mucousy saliva

Elimination of urine

Which of the following is a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

Dilation of the pupils

Faster heart rate

Increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera

Increased sweating

Thick, mucousy saliva

Increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera

Which of the following is a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

Decreased peristalsis of the digestive viscera

Dilation of the pupils

Faster heart rate

Increased sweating

Watery saliva

Watery saliva

The parasympathetic tone ________.

Accelerates activity of the digestive tract

Causes blood pressure to rise

Determines normal activity of the urinary tract

Prevents unnecessary heart deceleration

Determines normal activity of the urinary tract

Parasympathetic functions include ________.

Allowing the body to cope with an external threat

Increasing respiratory rate

Lens accommodation for long distance vision

Mobilizing storage energy sources during exercise

Stimulation of heart rate and force of contraction

Increasing respiratory rate

Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the primary role of the ________.

Autonomic nervous system

Central nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

Somatic nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system

A brain ventricle(s) located deep within the cerebrum is best known as the _____ ventricle(s).

Fourth

Lateral

Median

Primary

Third

Lateral

A brain ventricle(s) located within the diencephalon is best known as the _____ ventricle(s).

Fourth

Lateral

Median

Primary

Third

Third

The brain ventricle(s) located between the pons and the cerebellum is best known the _____

ventricle(s).

Fourth

Lateral

Median

Primary

Third

Fourth

Which of the following tracts is considered to be a direct motor pathway?

Corticobulbar tract

Reticulospinal tract

Rubrospinal tract

Tectospinal tract

Vestibulospinal tract

Corticobulbar tract

Which of the following tracts is considered to be a direct motor pathway?

Corticospinal tract

Reticulospinal tract

Rubrospinal tract

Tectospinal tract

Vestibulospinal tract

Corticospinal tract

The direct motor pathway originates in the:

Lateral funiculus of the spinal cord

Primary motor cortex of the cerebral cortex

Reticular formation of the brainstem

Superior colliculus of the midbrain

Vestibular nuclei of the brainstem

Primary motor cortex of the cerebral cortex

Which of the following statements concerning the corticospinal tract is most accurate?

The lateral corticospinal tracts controls the appendicular skeleton.

The lateral corticospinal tracts controls the axial skeleton.

The lateral corticospinal tracts controls the head and neck muscles.

The ventral corticospinal tracts controls the appendicular skeleton.

The ventral corticospinal tracts controls the head and neck muscles.

The lateral corticospinal tracts controls the appendicular skeleton.

Which of the following statements concerning the corticospinal tract is most accurate?

The lateral corticospinal tracts controls the axial skeleton.

The lateral corticospinal tracts controls the head and neck muscles.

The ventral corticospinal tracts controls the appendicular skeleton.

The ventral corticospinal tracts controls the axial muscles.

The ventral corticospinal tracts controls the head and neck muscles.

The ventral corticospinal tracts controls the axial muscles.

Axons of the corticobulbar tracts:

Connect the premotor cortex with the primary motor cortex

Descend in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord and synapse with anterior horn motor neurons

Descend in the anterior funiculus of the spinal cord and synapse with lateral horn motor neurons

Do not pass through the spinal cord, as they synapse with lower motor neurons in brainstem cranial nuclei

Do not pass through the spinal cord, as they synapse with cerebellar Purkinje cells

Do not pass through the spinal cord, as they synapse with lower motor neurons in brainstem cranial nuclei

The process of converting short-term memory into long-term memory is called ________.

Association

Consolidation

Memorization

Practice

Rehearsal

Consolidation

Which of the following statements is most true of short-term memory?

Short term memory does not require consolidation to create

Short-term memory has a larger storage capacity than long-term memory

Short-term memory involves long term storage

Short term memory is formed in the cerebral cortex

Short-term memory takes longer to retrieve than long-term memory

Short term memory does not require consolidation to create

Which of the following statements is most true of short-term memory?

Short term memory requires consolidation to create

Short-term memory has a smaller storage capacity than long-term memory

Short-term memory involves long term storage

Short term memory is formed in the cerebral cortex

Short-term memory takes longer to retrieve than long-term memory

Short-term memory has a smaller storage capacity than long-term memory

Which of the following statements is most true of short-term memory?

Short term memory requires consolidation to create

Short-term memory has a larger storage capacity than long-term memory

Short-term memory involves long term storage

Short term memory is formed in the hippocampus

Short-term memory takes longer to retrieve than long-term memory

Short term memory is formed in the hippocampus

Which of the following statements is most true of short-term memory?

Short term memory requires consolidation to create

Short-term memory has a larger storage capacity than long-term memory

Short-term memory involves immediate storage

Short term memory is formed in the cerebral cortex

Short-term memory takes longer to retrieve than long-term memory

Short-term memory involves immediate storage

Select the statement that most accurately describe short-term memory.

Short-term memory has limited capacity

Short-term memory has a limitless duration

Short-term memory is formed in the cerebral cortex

Short-term memory must be retrieved regularly or it will be lost

Short-term memory uses delayed storage

Short-term memory has limited capacity

Select the statement that most accurately describe short-term memory.

Short-term memory has limitless capacity

Short-term memory has a limited duration

Short-term memory is formed in the cerebral cortex

Short-term memory must be retrieved regularly or it will be lost

Short-term memory uses delayed storage

Short-term memory has a limited duration

Select the statement that most accurately describe short-term memory.

Short-term memory has limitless capacity

Short-term memory has a limitless duration

Short-term memory is formed in the hippocampus

Short-term memory must be retrieved regularly or it will be lost

Short-term memory uses delayed storage

Short-term memory must be retrieved regularly or it will be lost

Select the statement that most accurately describe short-term memory.

Short-term memory has limitless capacity

Short-term memory has a limitless duration

Short-term memory is formed in the cerebral cortex

Short-term memory must be rehearsed or it will be lost

Short-term memory uses delayed storage

Short-term memory must be rehearsed or it will be lost

Select the statement that most accurately describe short-term memory.

Short-term memory has limitless capacity

Short-term memory has a limitless duration

Short-term memory is formed in the cerebral cortex

Short-term memory must be retrieved regularly or it will be lost

Short-term memory uses immediate storage

Short-term memory uses immediate storage

Select the statement that most accurately describe long-term memory.

Long-term memory has a limitless duration

Long-term memory has limited capacity

Long-term memory is stored in the hippocampus

Long-term memory must be rehearsed regularly or it will be lost

Long-term memory requires associations

Long-term memory requires associations

Select the statement that most accurately describe long-term memory.

Long-term memory has a short duration

Long-term memory has limitless capacity

Long-term memory is stored in the hippocampus

Long-term memory must be rehearsed regularly or it will be lost

Long-term memory requires associations

Long-term memory requires associations

Select the statement that most accurately describe long-term memory.

Long-term memory has a short duration

Long-term memory has limited capacity

Long-term memory is stored in the cerebral cortex

Long-term memory must be rehearsed regularly or it will be lost

Long-term memory requires associations

Long-term memory requires associations

Select the statement that most accurately describe long-term memory.

Long-term memory has a short duration

Long-term memory has limited capacity

Long-term memory is stored in the hippocampus

Long-term memory must be retrieved regularly or it will be lost

Long-term memory requires associations

Long-term memory requires associations

Select the statement that most accurately describe long-term memory.

Long-term memory has a short duration

Long-term memory has limited capacity

Long-term memory is stored in the hippocampus

Long-term memory must be rehearsed regularly or it will be lost

Long-term memory requires consolidation

Long-term memory requires consolidation

Formation of new memories involves the ________, and storage of long term memories primarily involves the ________.

Amygdala, reticular formation

Cerebellum, corpus callosum

Habenulum, amygdaloid body

Hippocampus, cerebrum

Lateral ventricles, hippocampus

Hippocampus, cerebrum

Your memories of the sights and sounds of your elementary school are probably stored in:

Association cortex areas of your cerebrum.

The arbor vitae of your cerebellum.

Your hippocampus and amygdala.

Your limbic system and cranial nerves.

Your thalamus and hypothalamus.

Association cortex areas of your cerebrum.

A memory that has lasted over a month is best described as a:

Automatic memory

Long-term memory

Permanent memory

Sensory memory

Short-term memory

Long-term memory

The cone-shaped terminus of the spinal cord is best known as

Cauda equina

Conus medullaris

Filum terminale

Intervertebral foramen

Lumbosacral enlargement

Conus medullaris

The fibrous "rope" that anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx is best known as

Cauda equina

Conus medullaris

Filum terminale

Intervertebral foramen

Lumbosacral enlargement

Filum terminale

The collection of nerve roots that extend beyond the terminal end of the spinal cord is best

known as

Cauda equina

Conus medullaris

Filum terminale

Intervertebral foramen

Lumbosacral enlargement

Cauda equina

What is the correct order for the parts of the spinal cord, from superior to inferior?

Cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal

Cervical - thoracic - sacral - coccygeal - lumbar

Thoracic - cervical - lumbar - coccygeal - sacral

Thoracic - lumbar - sacral - cervical - coccygeal

Thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal - cervical

Cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal

In adults, the spinal cord is a different length than the vertebral canal, and most of the lumbar

part of the spinal cord is found within:

The cauda equina

The cervical vertebrae

The coccyx

The thoracic vertebrae

The sacrum

The thoracic vertebrae

The inferior tip of the spinal cord is the ___________ part.

Cervical

Coccygeal

Lumbar

Thoracic

Sacral

Coccygeal

The superiormost end of the spinal cord is the ___________ part.

Cervical

Coccygeal

Lumbar

Thoracic

Sacral

Cervical

What is the thin strand of pia mater that helps to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx?

Cervical enlargement

Coccygeal tendon

Conus medullaris

Filum terminale

Terminus coccyx

Filum terminale

The tapered, conical inferior end of the spinal cord is called the conus ___________.

Caudalis

Equine

Finalis

Medullaris

Sacralis

Medullaris

Which space associated with the spinal cord meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid?

Epiarachnoid space

Epidural space

Subarachnoid space

Subdural space

Subpial space

Subarachnoid space

In a lumbar puncture (spinal tap), fluid is extracted from the:

Central canal of the spinal cord.

Epidural space.

Epipial space.

Subarachnoid space.

Subdural space.

Subarachnoid space.

Which of the following statements concerning the spinal cord is most correct?

Afferent fibers enter the spinal cord through the dorsal root

The dorsal and ventral roots at each level of the spinal cord join to form a cranial nerve

The lateral horn contains cell bodies of the efferent motor neurons that supply the skeletal

muscles

The spinal cord is as long as the vertebral column

The ventral horn contains cell bodies of the efferent motor neurons that supply the viscera

Afferent fibers enter the spinal cord through the dorsal root

Which of the following statements concerning the spinal cord is most correct?

Afferent fibers enter the spinal cord through the ventral root

The dorsal and ventral roots at each level of the spinal cord join to form a spinal nerve

The lateral horn contains cell bodies of the efferent motor neurons that supply the skeletal

muscles

The spinal cord is as long as the vertebral column

The ventral horn contains cell bodies of the efferent motor neurons that supply the viscera

The dorsal and ventral roots at each level of the spinal cord join to form a spinal nerve

Which of the following statements concerning the spinal cord is most correct?

Afferent fibers enter the spinal cord through the ventral root

The dorsal and ventral roots at each level of the spinal cord join to form a cranial nerve

The lateral horn contains cell bodies of the efferent motor neurons that supply the viscera

The spinal cord is as long as the vertebral column

The ventral horn contains cell bodies of the efferent motor neurons that supply the viscera

The lateral horn contains cell bodies of the efferent motor neurons that supply the viscera

Which of the following statements concerning the spinal cord is most correct?

Afferent fibers enter the spinal cord through the ventral root

The dorsal and ventral roots at each level of the spinal cord join to form a cranial nerve

The lateral horn contains cell bodies of the efferent motor neurons that supply the skeletal

muscles

The spinal cord is not as long as the vertebral column

The ventral horn contains cell bodies of the efferent motor neurons that supply the viscera

The spinal cord is not as long as the vertebral column

Which of the following statements concerning the spinal cord is most correct?

Afferent fibers enter the spinal cord through the ventral root

The dorsal and ventral roots at each level of the spinal cord join to form a cranial nerve

The lateral horn contains cell bodies of the efferent motor neurons that supply the skeletal muscles

The spinal cord is as long as the vertebral column

The ventral horn contains cell bodies of the efferent motor neurons that supply skeletal muscles

The ventral horn contains cell bodies of the efferent motor neurons that supply skeletal muscles

Which of the following most accurately reflects the role of the basal nuclei?

Controls muscle movement in context

Inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements

Movement in response to visual or sound cues

Stores motor memory

Inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements

Which of the following most accurately reflects the role of the basal nuclei?

Conscious control of voluntary movements

Motor and action planning

Movement in response to visual or sound cues

Stores motor memory

Motor and action planning

Which of the following most accurately reflects the role of the basal nuclei?

Conscious control of voluntary movements

Controls muscle movement in context

Pattern and rhythm generation of arm and leg movements

Stores motor memory

Controls muscle movement in context

Which of the following most accurately reflects the role of the basal nuclei?

Conscious control of voluntary movements

Controls muscle movement in context

Movement in response to visual or sound cues

Regulating the intensity of movements

Regulating the intensity of movements

A disturbance of posture, muscle tremors at rest, and uncontrolled muscle contraction are all

synptoms of damage to which of the following structures?

Basal nuclei

Brain stem

Cerebellum

Frontal lobe

Thalamus

Basal nuclei