Physiology Renal Exam 4 (IP2): Renal Processes for Na+, Cl-, and H2O I Lecture

T/F: Na+, Cl-, and H2O are freely filtered across the glomerulus and almost completely reabsorbed from the tubule

true

T/F: a good amount of Na+, Cl-, and H2O are secreted

False, no secretion

Sodium is reabsorbed via (passive/active) transport

both

Chloride is reabsorbed via (passive/active) tranport

both

water is reabsorbed via (active/passive) transport

passive

Both (Cl-/H2O/Na+) and (Cl-/H2O/Na+) reabsorption are tightly coupled to (Cl-/H2O/Na+) reabsorption

Cl- and H2O, Na+

sodium intake is through _________ and excretion is through ________, _________, and ___________

ingestion, urine, feces, sweat

Input > Output = (positive/negative) balance and (hyponatremia/hypernatremia)

positive, hypernatremia

Input < Output = (positive/negative) balance and (hyponatremia/hypernatremia)

negative, hyponatremia

a low concentration of sodium in the blood is known as what

hyponatremia

a high concentration of sodium in the blood is known as what

hypernatremia

majority of sodium reabsorption happens where in the tubule

proximal tubule

after the proximal tubule, what is the next site with the most sodium reabsorption

ascending loop of henle

all sodium reabsorption from the tubular epithelial cells into the extracellular space is driven by the activity of this structure situated on the basolateral membrane of the tubular epithelium

Na+/K+ ATPase pump

________ __________ __________ requires ATP to move sodium against its concentration gradient

primary active transport

what form of transport does the Na+/K+ pump use

primary active

In terms of sodium reabsorption across the apical membrane (lumen > tubular epithelial cell), if the sodium is moving paracellularly then the transport is (active/passive)

passive

In terms of sodium reabsorption across the apical membrane (lumen > tubular epithelial cell), if the sodium is moving through channels then the transport is via (simple/facilitated) (passive/active) diffusion

facilitated

In terms of sodium reabsorption across the apical membrane (lumen > tubular epithelial cell), (primary/secondary) (passive/active) co-transport occurs with the Na+/glucose transporter

secondary, active

the majority of sodium is reabsorbed in the ___________ tubule by: ______ ____________ with glucose, amino acids, and H+ ions and passive ______________ diffusion between cells

proximal, co-transporters, paracellular

a significant amount of sodium is reabsorbed in the thick __________ _________ __ _________. Some reabsorption happens via paracellular transport while majority is ___ _____ with potassium and chloride ions and some with hydrogen ions

ascending loop of henle, co-transport

most of the remaining sodium is reabsorbed in these two tubules

distal, late distal/collecting

in the distal tubule, _______ transport of sodium occurs with chloride ions

co

in the late distal and collecting tubules, reabsorption happens via sodium specific ion channels which is what kind of transport

passive, facilitated diffusion

Match the kinds of transport with the specific tubule location: (proximal tubule/loop of henle/distal tubule/collecting tubule)

1. straight through sodium channels

2. Co-transport with potassium and chloride ions, and some hydrogen ions

3. co-transport with glucose, amino acids, hydrogen ions and paracellular

4. co-transport with chloride ions

late dstal/collecting tubule

loop of henle, proximal tubule, distal tubule

where in the tubule is glucose reabsorbed

proximal tubule

where in the tubule is the sodium glucose transporters (SGLTs) found

proximal tubule

where in the tubule are sodium potassium chloride cotransporters (NKCCs) found

loop of henle

where in the tubule are epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) found?

late distal/collecting tubules

where in the tubule are sodium hydrogen transporters found

loop of henle and proximal tubule

where in the tubule are sodium chloride cotransporters found?

distal tubule

where in the tubule are amino acid sodium transporters (AATs) found?

proximal tubule

where in the tubule are sodium hydrogen exchangers (NH) found

proximal tubule, loop of henle

chloride reabsorption is intrinsically coupled to _______ reabsorption

sodium

where in the tubule does chloride reabsorption occur?

proximal tubule, ascending loop of henle, distal tubule

T/F: some chloride reabsorption occurs in the collecting tubules

false

T/F: Some chloride reabsorption occurs in the distal tubule

true

what form of transport occurs with the reabsorption of sodium in the proximal tubule

passive, paracellular

what form of transport occurs with the reabsorption of sodium in the loop of henle

secondary active, Na+/K+/Cl- co-transport

what form of transport occurs with the reabsorption of sodium in the distal tubule

secondary active, Na+/Cl- co-transport

Absorption of chloride is due to co-transport with both sodium and potassium in the ( late distal tubule/ascending loop of henle) or sodium alone (late distal tubule/ascending loop of henle)

ascending loop of henle, late distal tubule

in the proximal tubule - sodium ______ diffuses and is ____ transported with glucose, amino acids, and hydrogen ions

passively, co

in the loop of henle - sodium is ___ transported with _________ and _________ and some hydrogen

potassium, chloride

in the distal tubule, sodium is ______ transported with ________

co, chloride

in late distal and collecting tubules - sodium moves through sodium __________

channels

many clinical drugs target _______ transport proteins

sodium

where in the tubule is chloride reabsorption passive, paracellular

proximal tubule