L4.2 HEMA - Blood Cell Morphology & Hematopoiesis

Pronormoblast

Basophilic Normoblast

Orthochromatic Normoblast

Reticulocyte

Mature RBC

5 Terms under Maturation of Erythrocytes (Erythropoiesis)

(P, BN, ON, R, MRBC)

Pronormoblast

MATURATION OF ERYTHROCYTES (ERYTHROPOIESIS):

.

↳ 14 - 20 μm

↳ Cytoplasm = Deeply basophilic. Relatively small amount, appearing as a band around the nucleus. It may show a lighter staining area around the nucleus (perinuclear halo); non-granular.

.

↳ Nucleus = Relatively large. N/C ratio is about 8:1. Round or slight oval. Reddish. Fine chromatin pattern. Usually 1-2 nucleoli that are larger than those found in the myeloblast and may stain with a slight bluish tint.

20

basophilic

band

lighter

granular

8:1

oval

1-2

myeloblast

bluish

PRONORMOBLAST (RUBRIBLAST OR PROERYTHROBLAST):

.

↳ 14 - ____ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Deeply ____________. Relatively small amount, appearing as a _______ around the nucleus. It may show a ____________ staining area around the nucleus (perinuclear halo); non-____________.

.

↳ Nucleus = Relatively large. N/C ratio is about _____. Round or slight ______. Reddish. Fine chromatin pattern. Usually _____ nucleoli that are larger than those found in the _______________ and may stain with a slight _________ tint.

Rubriblast or Proerythroblast

↳ Pronormoblast is aka...

Basophilic Normoblast (Prorubricyte / Basophilic Erythroblast)

MATURATION OF ERYTHROCYTES (ERYTHROPOIESIS):

.

↳ 12 - 17 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Intensely basophilic. The amount of cytoplasm is relatively increased over the previous stage. Non-granular.

.

↳ Nucleus = Relatively large. N/C ratio is about 6:1. Round or slightly oval, centrally located. The chromatin pattern is slightly coarser than in the previous stage. Nucleoli are usually not visible if present.

12

Intensely

increased

6:1

centrally

coarser

Nucleoli

BASOPHILIC NORMOBLAST (PRORUBRICYTE / BASOPHILIC ERYTHROBLAST):

.

↳ ___ - 17 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = ______________ basophilic. The amount of cytoplasm is relatively _______________ over the previous stage. Non-granular.

.

↳ Nucleus = Relatively large. N/C ratio is about ____. Round or slightly oval, ___________ located. The chromatin pattern is slightly __________ than in the previous stage. ____________ are usually not visible if present.

Prorubricyte / Basophilic Erythroblast

↳ Basophilic Normoblast is aka...

Orthochromatic Normoblast (Metarubricyte / Orthochromatic Erythroblast)

MATURATION OF ERYTHROCYTES (ERYTHROPOIESIS):

.

↳ 7 - 12μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Pinker than the previous stage because of increased hemoglobin. It shows increased amount compared to previous stage. Non-granular.

.

↳ Nucleus = N/C ratio is about 1:2; small pyknotic nucleus (a homogenous blue-black mass with no structure). This is the primary difference between the rubricyte and metarubricyte. Nucleus may be bizarre in form and partially extruded from the cell.

12

Pinker

increased

1:2

pyknotic

black

bizarre

ORTHOCHROMATIC NORMOBLAST (METARUBRICYTE / ORTHOCHROMATIC ERYTHROBLAST):

.

↳ 7 - ___ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = _________ than the previous stage because of increased hemoglobin. It shows _____________ amount compared to previous stage. Non-granular.

.

↳ Nucleus = N/C ratio is about ____; small ____________ nucleus (a homogenous blue-________ mass with no structure). This is the primary difference between the rubricyte and metarubricyte. Nucleus may be ___________ in form and partially extruded from the cell.

Metarubricyte / Orthochromatic Erythroblast

↳ Orthochromatic Normoblast is aka...

Reticulocyte (Polychromatophilic Erythrocyte)

MATURATION OF ERYTHROCYTES (ERYTHROPOIESIS):

.

↳ 7 - 10 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Pink to a slightly pinkish gray. Contains a fine basophilic reticulum of RNA, which only stains with supraviral stains. There should be 2 or more reticular dots.

.

↳ Nucleus = Non Present.

10

pinkish

reticulum

supraviral

reticular

RETICULOCYTE (POLYCHROMATOPHILIC ERYTHROCYTE):

.

↳ 7 - ___ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Pink to a slightly ___________ gray. Contains a fine basophilic ____________ of RNA, which only stains with ______________ stains. There should be 2 or more ____________ dots.

.

↳ Nucleus = Non Present.

Polychromatophilic Erythrocyte

↳ Reticulocyte is aka...

Mature RBC (Erythrocyte)

MATURATION OF ERYTHROCYTES (ERYTHROPOIESIS):

.

↳ 6 - 8 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Pink to peach in color. The mature RBC is a non-nucleated, round, biconcave disc.

.

↳ Nucleus = Non Present.

8

peach

biconcave

MATURE RBC (ERYTHROCYTE):

.

↳ 6 - ___ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Pink to __________ in color. The mature RBC is a non-nucleated, round, ____________ disc.

.

↳ Nucleus = Non Present.

Myeloblast

Promyeloblast

Myelocyte

Metamyelocyte

Band Cell

Segmented Neutrophil

Eosinophil

Basophil

8 Terms under Maturation of Granulocytes (Granulopoiesis)

(M, P, M, M, BC, SN, E, B)

Myeloblast

MATURATION OF GRANULOCYTES (GRANULOPOIESIS):

.

↳ 12 - 20 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Small amount in relation to the rest of the cell. Usually moderate blue in color. Texture is smooth and usually non-granular.

.

↳ Nucleus = Round or slight oval. Occupies about four-fifths of the cells. N/C ratio of 4:1. Extremely fine chromatin pattern. Reddish purple in color. It contains two or five nucleoli.

20

Small

blue

smooth

slight

four

4:1

Reddish

five

MYELOBLAST:

.

↳ 12 - ___ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = _________ amount in relation to the rest of the cell. Usually moderate _______ in color. Texture is ___________ and usually non-granular.

.

↳ Nucleus = Round or _________ oval. Occupies about _______-fifths of the cells. N/C ratio of ____. Extremely fine chromatin pattern. __________ purple in color. It contains two or ______ nucleoli.

Promyeloblast

MATURATION OF GRANULOCYTES (GRANULOPOIESIS):

.

↳ 15 - 21μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Pale blue to basophilic. Contains a few to many, large blue to reddish purple staining non-specific (primary) granules.

.

↳ Nucleus = Occupies half or more of the cell. N/C ratio of 3:1 to 2:1. Oval or round. Chromatin pattern may become a little coarser, although it will still be relatively fine. Two or three nucleoli are present.

21

Pale

reddish

half

3:1

round

coarser

three

PROMYELOBLAST:

.

↳ 15 - ___ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = _______ blue to basophilic. Contains a few to many, large blue to ___________ purple staining non-specific (primary) granules.

.

↳ Nucleus = Occupies ______ or more of the cell. N/C ratio of ____ to 2:1. Oval or _________. Chromatin pattern may become a little ____________, although it will still be relatively fine. Two or _________ nucleoli are present.

Myelocyte

MATURATION OF GRANULOCYTES (GRANULOPOIESIS):

.

↳ 12 - 18 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Moderate amount. May contain a few patches of blue. Few to moderate number of non specific granules. Small, specific granules begin to appear in this stage.

.

↳ Nucleus = Chromatin patterns become coarser and more condensed. Generally, it shows no nucleoli. Nucleus may be centrally located or may be eccentric. N/C ratio is 1:1.

18

Moderate

blue

specific

Small

condensed

centrally

1:1

MYELOCYTE:

.

↳ 12 - ___ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = ____________ amount. May contain a few patches of ______. Few to moderate number of non __________ granules. ________, specific granules begin to appear in this stage.

.

↳ Nucleus = Chromatin patterns become coarser and more ______________. Generally, it shows no nucleoli. Nucleus may be _____________ located or may be eccentric. N/C ratio is ___.

Neutrophilic Myelocyte

Eosinophilic Myelocyte

Basophilic Myelocyte

3 Types of Myelocyte

Neutrophilic Myelocyte

TYPE OF MYELOCYTE:

.

↳ The pink specific granules may be seen as pinkish or lighter stain areas in the cytoplasm, usually appearing near the nuclei first.

pink

lighter

first

NEUTROPHILIC MYELOCYTE:

.

↳ The _______ specific granules may be seen as pinkish or __________ stain areas in the cytoplasm, usually appearing near the nuclei _______.

Eosinophilic Myelocyte

TYPE OF MYELOCYTE:

.

↳ The specific granules first appear as dirty orange to blue. These granules are larger than the specific and non specific granules of the neutrophil.

orange

specific

EOSINOPHILIC MYELOCYTE:

.

↳ The specific granules first appear as dirty __________ to blue. These granules are larger than the specific and non ___________ granules of the neutrophil.

Basophilic Myelocyte

TYPE OF MYELOCYTE:

.

↳ The specific granules are few, large and are colored dark blue-purple.

large

blue

BASOPHILIC MYELOCYTE:

.

↳ The specific granules are few, ________ and are colored dark ______-purple.

Metamyelocyte (Juvenile)

MATURATION OF GRANULOCYTES (GRANULOPOIESIS):

.

↳ 10 - 15 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Moderate to abundant amount giving a decreased N/C ratio. Few non-specific granules are present.

.

↳ Nucleus = Indented or kidney-shaped. The chromatin pattern is coarse and clumped and stained dark purple.

15

decreased

specific

kidney

dark

METAMYELOCYTE (JUVENILE):

.

↳ 10 - ___ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Moderate to abundant amount giving a _____________ N/C ratio. Few non-__________ granules are present.

.

↳ Nucleus = Indented or ___________-shaped. The chromatin pattern is coarse and clumped and stained ________ purple.

Neutrophilic Metamyelocyte

Eosinophilic Metamyelocyte

Basophilic Metamyelocyte

3 Types of Metamyelocyte

Neutrophilic Metamyelocyte

TYPE OF METAMYELOCYTE:

.

↳ The granules are lilac and are more numerous.

lilac

numerous

NEUTROPHILIC METAMYELOCYTE:

.

↳ The granules are _______ and are more _____________.

Eosinophilic Metamyelocyte

TYPE OF METAMYELOCYTE:

.

↳ The granules are brighter orange-red and more numerous.

orange

numerous

EOSINOPHILIC METAMYELOCYTE:

.

↳ The granules are brighter __________-red and more _____________.

Basophilic Metamyelocyte

TYPE OF METAMYELOCYTE:

.

↳ The dark-purple to black granules are more numerous.

black

BASOPHILIC METAMYELOCYTE:

.

↳ The dark-purple to _________ granules are more numerous.

Band Cell

MATURATION OF GRANULOCYTES (GRANULOPOIESIS):

.

↳ 10 - 15 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Same as the metamyelocyte.

.

↳ Nucleus = Elongated or band shaped. Deeply indented than the metamyelocyte stage. Chromatin is coarse and clumped.

10

metamyelocyte

Elongated

coarse

BAND CELL:

.

↳ ___ - 15 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Same as the ___________________.

.

↳ Nucleus = _____________ or band shaped. Deeply indented than the metamyelocyte stage. Chromatin is __________ and clumped.

Stab / Staff Cell

↳ Band Cell is aka...

Segmented Neutrophil

MATURATION OF GRANULOCYTES (GRANULOPOIESIS):

.

↳ 9 - 15 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Full complement of lilac to rose-violet specific granules. Abundant amount not covering its nucleus.

.

↳ Nucleus = Usually has 2 - 5 lobes.

9

violet

nucleus

5

SEGMENTED NEUTROPHIL:

.

↳ ___ - 15 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Full complement of lilac to rose-_________ specific granules. Abundant amount not covering its __________.

.

↳ Nucleus = Usually has 2 - ___ lobes.

Polymorphonuclear Cell

↳ Segmented Neutrophil is aka...

Eosinophil

MATURATION OF GRANULOCYTES (GRANULOPOIESIS):

.

↳ 10 - 15 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Contains the full complement of large, reddish-orange granules not covering its nucleus.

.

↳ Nucleus = May possess 2 - 3 lobes, usually bi-lobed. Chromatin pattern is coarse and clumped.

15

reddish

bi-lobed

clumped

EOSINOPHIL:

.

↳ 10 - ___ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Contains the full complement of large, __________-orange granules not covering its nucleus.

.

↳ Nucleus = May possess 2 - 3 lobes, usually __________. Chromatin pattern is coarse and ____________.

Basophil

MATURATION OF GRANULOCYTES (GRANULOPOIESIS):

.

↳ 9 - 14 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Stains slightly pink to colorless. Contains specific dark purple to blue-black granules that cover the nucleus.

.

↳ Nucleus = Usually possesses a stab-shaped nucleus.

14

colorless

blue

stab

BASOPHIL:

.

↳ 9 - ___ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Stains slightly pink to _____________. Contains specific dark purple to _______-black granules that cover the nucleus.

.

↳ Nucleus = Usually possesses a ______-shaped nucleus.

Lymphoblast

Pro-Lymphocyte

Mature Lymphocyte

Small Lymphocyte

Medium Lymphocyte

Large Lymphocyte

6 Terms under Maturation of Lymphocytes (Lymphopoiesis)

Lymphoblast

MATURATION OF LYMPHOCYTES (LYMPHOPOIESIS):

.

↳ 10 - 18 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = No granules are present. Appears smooth. Moderate to dark blue.

.

↳ Nucleus = Chromatin pattern is somewhat coarse. Round or oval. Contains one or two distinct nucleoli. N/C ratio is 4:1.

10

smooth

blue

coarse

distinct

4:1

LYMPHOBLAST:

.

↳ ___ - 18 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = No granules are present. Appears __________. Moderate to dark ______.

.

↳ Nucleus = Chromatin pattern is somewhat ________. Round or oval. Contains one or two __________ nucleoli. N/C ratio is ____.

Pro-Lymphocyte

MATURATION OF LYMPHOCYTES (LYMPHOPOIESIS):

.

↳ Same as lymphoblast or smaller.

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Moderate blue to dark blue. Non-granular. May contain occasional azurophilic granules.

.

↳ Nucleus = Round, oval or slightly indented. Chromatin pattern is more clumped than lymphoblast. May contain 1 - 2 nucleoli.

lymphoblast

dark

azurophilic

indented

clumped

2

PRO-LYMPHOCYTE:

.

↳ Same as ________________ or smaller.

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Moderate blue to ______ blue. Non-granular. May contain occasional _______________ granules.

.

↳ Nucleus = Round, oval or slightly ___________. Chromatin pattern is more ___________ than lymphoblast. May contain 1 - __ nucleoli.

Mature Lymphocyte

MATURATION OF LYMPHOCYTES (LYMPHOPOIESIS):

.

↳ Size variation of 8 - 16 μm.

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Generally, the larger the lymphocyte, the more abundant the cytoplasm.

.

↳ Nucleus = None.

16

abundant

MATURE LYMPHOCYTE:

.

↳ Size variation of 8 - ___ μm.

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Generally, the larger the lymphocyte, the more ____________ the cytoplasm.

.

↳ Nucleus = None.

Small Lymphocyte

MATURATION OF LYMPHOCYTES (LYMPHOPOIESIS):

.

↳ 6 - 10 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Forms a thin rim around the nucleus. Moderate blue to dark blue.

.

↳ Nucleus = Chromatin pattern is dense and clumped. Round or oval and may be slightly indented. No nucleoli visible.

6

thin

dark

dense

nucleoli

SMALL LYMPHOCYTE:

.

↳ __ - 10 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Forms a _____ rim around the nucleus. Moderate blue to ______ blue.

.

↳ Nucleus = Chromatin pattern is _______ and clumped. Round or oval and may be slightly indented. No ___________ visible.

Medium Lymphocyte

MATURATION OF LYMPHOCYTES (LYMPHOPOIESIS):

.

↳ 10 - 12 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = More abundant than that of small lymphocytes. Pale to moderate blue. May or may not contain a few non-azurophilic granules.

.

↳ Nucleus = Round, oval or slightly indented. Chromatin pattern is clumped but not as dense as small lymphocytes. No nucleolus is visible.

12

abundant

moderate

azurophilic

Round

clumped

nucleolus

MEDIUM LYMPHOCYTE:

.

↳ 10 - ___ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = More _____________ than that of small lymphocytes. Pale to ____________ blue. May or may not contain a few non-_____________ granules.

.

↳ Nucleus = __________, oval or slightly indented. Chromatin pattern is ___________ but not as dense as small lymphocytes. No _____________ is visible.

Large Lymphocyte

MATURATION OF LYMPHOCYTES (LYMPHOPOIESIS):

.

↳ 12 - 16 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Abundant, clear, very pale blue. May or may not contain few non specific azurophilic granules.

.

↳ Nucleus = Round, oval or slightly indebted. Chromatin pattern is coarse. No nucleolus visible.

16

pale

specific

oval

nucleolus

LARGE LYMPHOCYTE:

.

↳ 12 - ___ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Abundant, clear, very _______ blue. May or may not contain few non __________ azurophilic granules.

.

↳ Nucleus = Round, ______ or slightly indebted. Chromatin pattern is coarse. No ____________ visible.

Plasmablast

Pro-Plasmacyte

Plasmacyte (Plasma Cell)

3 Terms under Maturation of Plasma Cells (Plasmacytic Series)

Plasmablast

MATURATION OF PLASMA CELLS (PLASMACYTIC SERIES):

.

↳ 18 - 15 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Basophilic cytoplasm. Abundant. Non-granular.

.

↳ Nucleus = Chromatin pattern is more clumped than lymphocyte. Eccentric or located off center. Perinuclear halo may be present. Round or oval. Multiple nucleoli may or may not be visible.

18

Basophilic

granular

clumped

Eccentric

halo

Multiple

PLASMABLAST:

.

↳ ___ - 15 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = ____________ cytoplasm. Abundant. Non-__________.

.

↳ Nucleus = Chromatin pattern is more __________ than lymphocyte. ___________ or located off center. Perinuclear _____ may be present. Round or oval. ___________ nucleoli may or may not be visible.

Pro-Plasmacyte

MATURATION OF PLASMA CELLS (PLASMACYTIC SERIES):

.

↳ 15 - 25 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Intensely basophilic. Non-granular. Bluer than plasmablast. A lighter staining area in the cytoplasm, next to the nucleus if often visible (hof or perinuclear halo).

.

↳ Nucleus = Round, oval or slightly. Eccentrically placed. Chromatin is coarse and densely stained. Occasional nucleoli may be seen.

25

Intensely

Bluer

lighter

perinuclear

slightly

densely

Occasional

PRO-PLASMACYTE:

.

↳ 15 - ___ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = _______________ basophilic. Non-granular. _______ than plasmablast. A __________ staining area in the cytoplasm, next to the nucleus if often visible (hof or _______________ halo).

.

↳ Nucleus = Round, oval or __________. Eccentrically placed. Chromatin is coarse and _____________ stained. _______________ nucleoli may be seen.

Plasmacyte (Plasma Cell)

MATURATION OF PLASMA CELLS (PLASMACYTIC SERIES):

.

↳ 8 - 20 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Deeply basophilic. Large and with a well-defined hof near the nucleus which is actually the golgi apparatus. Usually non granular. May contain immunoglobulins.

.

↳ Nucleus = Round or oval. Eccentrically placed. Chromatin is heavily clumped, which is sharply defined from parachromatin, often arranged in radial or spokes wheel pattern.

20

defined

apparatus

globulins

Round

heavily

wheel

PLASMACYTE (PLASMA CELL):

.

↳ 8 - ___ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Deeply basophilic. Large and with a well-__________ hof near the nucleus which is actually the golgi _____________. Usually non granular. May contain immuno_____________.

.

↳ Nucleus = __________ or oval. Eccentrically placed. Chromatin is ___________ clumped, which is sharply defined from parachromatin, often arranged in radial or spokes _________ pattern.

Monoblastz

Promonocyte

Monocyte

3 Terms under Maturation of Monocytes (Monopoiesis)

Monoblast

MATURATION OF MONOCYTES (MONOPOIESIS):

.

↳ 14 - 20 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Moderately basophilic to blue-gray. Non-granular.

.

↳ Nucleus = Ovoid or round. Light blue-purple. Chromatin is fine, lacey. 1 or 2 nucleoli are present. N/C ratio is 4:1 to 3:1.

20

basophilic

gray

Ovoid

purple

nucleoli

3:1

MONOBLAST:

.

↳ 14 - ___ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Moderately ______________ to blue-______. Non-granular.

.

↳ Nucleus = ________ or round. Light blue-_________. Chromatin is fine, lacey. 1 or 2 ___________ are present. N/C ratio is 4:1 to ____.

Promonocyte

MATURATION OF MONOCYTES (MONOPOIESIS):

.

↳ 14 - 18 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Blue-gray. Contain fine dustlike azurophilic granules. Shows ground glass appearance.

.

↳ Nucleus = None.

18

Blue

dustlike

glass

PROMONOCYTE:

.

↳ 14 - ___ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = ______-gray. Contain fine ___________ azurophilic granules. Shows ground _______ appearance.

.

↳ Nucleus = None.

Monocyte

MATURATION OF MONOCYTES (MONOPOIESIS):

.

↳ 14 - 18 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Blue-gray. Presence of pseudopods. Fine azurophilic granule, giving a ground glass appearance. Vacuole may be present.

.

↳ Nucleus = Round, kidney-shaped. Slight lobulation. Shows brain-like convolutions. No nucleolus is visible. Chromatin is fine and delicate and lacey arranged in skein-like strands.

18

pseudopods

glass

Vacuole

kidney

lobulation

brain

delicate

skein

MONOCYTE:

.

↳ 14 - ___ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Blue-gray. Presence of _____________. Fine azurophilic granule, giving a ground ________ appearance. __________ may be present.

.

↳ Nucleus = Round, _________-shaped. Slight ____________. Shows _______-like convolutions. No nucleolus is visible. Chromatin is fine and ___________ and lacey arranged in ________-like strands.

Megakaryoblast (Stage I)

Promegakaryocyte (Stage II)

Granular Megakaryocyte (Stage III)

Platelet (Thrombocyte)

4 Terms under Maturation of Megakaryocytes (Megakaryopoiesis)

Megakaryoblast (Stage I)

MATURATION OF MEGAKARYOCYTES (MEGAKARYOPOIESIS):

.

↳ 20 - 50 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Shades of blue. Have small blunt pseudopods. Narrow bond around the nucleus. Non-granular. As the cell matures, the amount of cytoplasm increases.

.

↳ Nucleus = Round or oval or kidney-shaped. Chromatin pattern is fine. Multiple nucleoli. Stained blue. N/C ratio is 10:1.

50

blue

blunt

cytoplasm

kidney

Multiple

10:1

MEGAKARYOBLAST (STAGE I):

.

↳ 20 - ___ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Shades of ______. Have small _________ pseudopods. Narrow bond around the nucleus. Non-granular. As the cell matures, the amount of ______________ increases.

.

↳ Nucleus = Round or oval or __________-shaped. Chromatin pattern is fine. ___________ nucleoli. Stained blue. N/C ratio is _____.

Promegakaryocyte (Stage II)

MATURATION OF MEGAKARYOCYTES (MEGAKARYOPOIESIS):

.

↳ 20 - 60 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Less basophilic. Granules begin to form in the golgi region.

.

↳ Nucleus = Chromatin becomes coarse. Multiple nucleoli. Irregular in shape. Slight lobulation. N/C ratio is 4:1 to 7:1.

60

golgi

Multiple

Irregular

7:1

PROMEGAKARYOCYTE (STAGE II):

.

↳ 20 - ___ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Less basophilic. Granules begin to form in the ________ region.

.

↳ Nucleus = Chromatin becomes coarse. ___________ nucleoli. ____________ in shape. Slight lobulation. N/C ratio is 4:1 to ____.

Granular Megakaryocyte (Stage III)

MATURATION OF MEGAKARYOCYTES (MEGAKARYOPOIESIS):

.

↳ 30 - 90 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Pinkish in color. Very fine. Abundant. Reddish blue granules. Irregular border.

.

↳ Nucleus = Multiple nuclei. Multiple lobulation. Chromatin is coarser. No nucleolus. N/C ratio is 1:1.

90

Pinkish

blue

border

nuclei

nucleolus

1:1

GRANULAR MEGAKARYOCYTE (STAGE III):

.

↳ 30 - ___ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = __________ in color. Very fine. Abundant. Reddish _______ granules. Irregular _________.

.

↳ Nucleus = Multiple _________. Multiple lobulation. Chromatin is coarser. No _____________. N/C ratio is ___.

Platelet (Thrombocyte)

MATURATION OF MEGAKARYOCYTES (MEGAKARYOPOIESIS):

.

↳ 2 - 5 μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Light blue to purple. Very granular that consists of: Granulomere/Chromomere which is located centrally and; Hyalomere which surrounds the chromomere.

.

↳ Nucleus = None.

5

purple

Granulomere

centrally

Hyalomere

PLATELET (THROMBOCYTE):

.

↳ 2 - __ μm

.

↳ Cytoplasm = Light blue to ___________. Very granular that consists of: ________________/Chromomere which is located __________ and; _____________ which surrounds the chromomere.

.

↳ Nucleus = None.

Red Blood Cells

↳ Normal, mature RBCs are uniform in size (7-8 μm in diameter).

.

↳ Do not have a nucleus.

.

↳ Round and flattened like a donut with a depression in the middle instead of a hole (biconcave).

.

↳ Appear pink to red in color with a pale center after staining the blood smear.

.

↳ Normochromic (normal color) and normocytic (normal size).

8

nucleus

depression

center

smear

normocytic

RED BLOOD CELLS:

.

↳ Normal, mature RBCs are uniform in size (7-__ μm in diameter).

.

↳ Do not have a __________.

.

↳ Round and flattened like a donut with a ________________ in the middle instead of a hole (biconcave).

.

↳ Appear pink to red in color with a pale _________ after staining the blood ________.

.

↳ Normochromic (normal color) and ______________ (normal size).

White Blood Cells

↳ Have a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm.

.

↳ Are derived from bone marrow stem cells.

.

↳ They differentiate into two groups:

.

…..➙ Granulocytes = Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

.

…..➙ Non-Granulocytes = Monocytes, Lymphocytes

cytoplasm

stem

Granulocytes

WHITE BLOOD CELLS:

.

↳ Have a nucleus surrounded by ______________.

.

↳ WBCs are derived from bone marrow _______ cells.

.

↳ They differentiate into two groups:

.

…..➙ Granulocytes = Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

.

…..➙ Non-__________________ = Monocytes, Lymphocytes

Platelets

↳ These are cell fragments that develop from large bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes.

.

↳ They appear as fragments in the peripheral blood.

fragments

megakaryocytes

peripheral

PLATELETS:

.

↳ These are cell ____________ that develop from large bone marrow cells called ________________________.

.

↳ They appear as fragments in the _____________ blood.

Blast Cell (Size Reduction)

↳ Erythrocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil undergo mitosis, therefore it becomes smaller in size.

mitosis

smaller

BLAST CELL (SIZE REDUCTION):

.

↳ Erythrocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil undergo __________, therefore it becomes ___________ in size.

Blast Cell (Nuclear Changes)

↳ Chromatin Cytochemistry

.

…..➙ Euchromatin = Fine and Linear (Young)

.

…..➙ Heterochromatin = Coarse and Clump (Stabs and Old)

.

…..➙ Parachromatin = Non-Staining Areas

Cytochemistry

BLAST CELL (NUCLEAR CHANGES):

.

↳ Chromatin _________________

Euchromatin

UNDER BLAST CELL (NUCLEAR CHANGES):

.

➙ Fine and Linear (Young)

Heterochromatin

UNDER BLAST CELL (NUCLEAR CHANGES):

.

➙ Coarse and Clump (Stabs and Old)

Parachromatin

UNDER BLAST CELL (NUCLEAR CHANGES):

.

➙ Non-Staining Areas

Blast Cell (Number of Nucleolus)

↳ No nucleoli (oldest).

.

↳ Increase number (young).

oldest

number

BLAST CELL (NUMBER OF NUCLEOLUS):

.

↳ No nucleoli (__________).

.

↳ Increase __________ (young).

Blast Cell (Cytoplasm)

↳ Increase RNA (young).

.

↳ Decrease RNA (old).