Fish Aqauculture

what is the role of fish in the uk

• over 70 mil fish in the uk

• over 1 billion in fish trade

used as lab model

basic fish fun names

main pollutants of poor water qaulity

ammonia and nitrites comes from planf breakdown and fish faeces should use biological filtration and haouring good bacteria

skin roles

• barrier agaisnt environment

• osmotic barrier

• lubrication moves limited friction

• mucus production also protects against disease

• can place colours on the fishs scales

What is the lateral line on a fish

senses pressure and movement through a body of water allows to sense shoal mates and nearby species

fish internal anatomy

What is the bulbus arteriosus?

specialised ventral aorta, acts as a capacitor for continuous blood flow into the gill arches

what are pyloric caeca

fingerlike projextions which digest and absorb nutrients

what is the fish cavity called

coelom

what are eridiphores

cells underneath a fisher scale, allowing it to turn its colours on and off

why are fish referred to as ectothermic

the temperature of the water dictates internal body temperature, relies on correct temperature so metabolism can function properly

what are the 2 types of fish in laymans and technical terms

cartilage and bony…

chondrothy fish and the teoliosti

how does a bony fish heart run

has 4 chambers, but run in sequence

What does the swim bladder do?

maintains bouyancy and depth in the water

what are the salt water fish swim baldder

visismos gas glamd for gaseous exchange with the blood

what does the gi tract look like in herbicorous fish

longer than carnivourous (although all gi tracts are shorter!) pyloric ceca absorbs nutrients

what die sthe anterior kidney do in fish vs posterising

osmoregulation flr amterior posterier more immune function

what is the structure of the gills

what is 20-50 % of a fishs energy used for

osmoregulation as either salt or fresh water fish are going to have an issue

2 ways fresh water fish are adapted for osmotic regulation

• active transport of salts into the gill fillaments so water enters osmotically into them..

• active tubular reabsorption of NACL in the fishes glomerulus to maintain salts within the body, causes dilute urine

how are marine fish adapted for osmoregulation

• gills active secretion of nacl

• active transpost of magnesium sulphate into the glomerolus (hugh salt content in the urine)

• mgso4 voided with faeces

where do ammonia and nitrite come from

• food and faeces

what must be generated within a fish tank

oxygenation

free of pesticides

must be no chlorine as causes gill tissue to die

what are the 4 categories of Fish water quality that must be maintained to the appropriate level

• Ammonia and nitrite

• Oxygenation/CO2

• chemically clean water

• water hadness, salinity, ph and temperature

what can happen if the water quality is mot properly maintained

can cause the opportunistic bacteria to attack the fish leading to conditions such as fin rot

how to test water qaulity

water tests cannot tell be looking, or can use reagent tests but these need to be done accurately by titration

what is the nitrogen cycle

• toxic NH3 and NH4 produced from fish faeces and decaying plant matter

• 2NH3 + 7/2O2 —> 2NO2 + 3H2O (nitrosomas bacteria)

• NO2 + 1/2 O2 —> NO3

(nitrobactar bacteria nitrate)

• nitrates removed by 10% water changes

how to remeber the difference between nitrites and nitrates

nitrites are shite and nitrates are great

how do coral survive

symbiotic relationship with zoozantale bacteria for photosynthesis

what is an additional piece of equipment u need in a marine tank

a uv steriliser

what is the roll of a filter

promotes good bacteria, helps to oxygenate the water

how can you determine how many fish can live in your tank

• find number of litres, remove 10% for substrate and decor…

• allocate certain cm for fish then. allocate each fish a certain amount of space

• can check compatibility charts

• build tank up SLOWLY eg one or two fish every fortnight

What type of feeders are fish?

opportunistic feeder

what is the most common problem in home aqauria

• overfeeding causes fatty liver disease ( hepatic lipidpsis)

what type of fish is hepatic lipidis most common in

cichlids

what is another issue with over feeding, Ie dissolved organic material, nitrates and phosphates in the water

blue green and red algae blooms from dissolved organic material

degaying organix matter

pest species eg planaria worms, bristle worms and snails

how to tell what type of feeders a fish is

the difference between their mouth shape depending where they can eat in the water

What are some key things to remember for fish veterinary treatment

take a good history, observe whole community check environmental husbandry diet stocking density Biofil and maturity necroscopy if they've died recently

behavioural concerns of unwell fish

circling bottom sitting drifting hovering head standing tail walking flashing gasping colour changes

clinical signs of fish physical illness

what must u di when handling fish

do it as little as possible to minimise stress and damging the mucus membrane

what are some diagnostic techniquess

• gill clips

• radiography

• scale sanple

• blood smear from tail

• ultra sound

Aneasthetic for fish..

• 12-24 he period to limit regurgitation

• range of species specific information to fillow

• often uses 2-phenoxyethanol, and eugenol,,

• sedation preior to any out of water examinations

difference between carinvouous and herbivorous fish