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What are the basic goals of policing?
Enforcing laws, preserving peace, preventing crimes, protecting civil rights and liberties, providing services.
What role do the police primarily serve?
To ensure social order and enforce the law.
Describe the watchman role in policing.
Emphasizes maintaining order, found in communities with a declining industrial base and a blue-collar, mixed ethnic/racial population.
What does the law enforcer role emphasize?
Law enforcement professionalism.
In what contexts do service provider roles exist?
Usually found in suburban, middle-class communities where residents demand individual treatment.
From where does police authority originate?
The police authority comes from the people and their laws and institutions.
What is the ground norm in different governments?
It gives sovereign authority over subjects devoid of any written constitution.
What is 'Policing by Consent'?
Legitimacy based on consensus or agreement of support, transparency, integrity, and accountability.
What characterizes a singular police model?
Operates under a single commander.
What defines a coordinated centralized police force?
Highly organized with centralized command.
Define 'Comparative Research' in policing.
Scientific inquiry employing comparative analysis to understand policing phenomena better.
What systems are studied in comparative criminal justice?
Common Law System, Civil Law System, Socialist System, Islamic System.
What is a key feature of the Common Law System?
A body of unwritten laws based on legal precedents established by courts.
What are the features of the Civil Law System?
Codified laws originating from Roman Law; a strong inquisitorial system with minimal rights for the accused.
How does the Socialist System approach offenders?
Focuses on rehabilitating offenders, with the state controlling production and distribution of goods and services.
What is the basis of the Islamic legal system?
Derived from the Quran, Sunnah, Ijma', and Qiyas.
What does the Continental Theory state about police officers?
That they are servants of higher authorities.
How is proficiency measured in the modern police service?
By the absence of crime.
What is the Crime Control Model of policing?
Prioritizes repression of criminal behavior over individual freedom.
What is the focus of the Due Process Model?
A just and fair justice system that respects constitutional rights.
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