Cultural Geography Test 1

Location is either _____ or _____ to one’s environment.

absolute, relative

Place is either _____ (mountains, rivers, soils and plant and animal life) or _____ (roads, buildings, agriculture, industry, and culture).

physical, human

Human-environment is how people _____ to and _____ their environment.

adapt, modify

Movement of _____, _____, _____, _____, etc.

people, goods, ideas, diseases

Tools of geography: _____ and _____

globe, maps

Kinds of maps: _____ maps, _____ maps.

mental, physical

Gore map-map made of 23 strips of paper called gores.

accurate-_____

fairly accurate in compass directions. Distances are accurate, but between gores is awkward.

areas of land and water

Most of the world uses some variation of a _____ projection.

cylindrical

First variation of a cylindrical projection of a map: _____

Compass directions are constant.

Shapes are accurate.

Areas and distances are more distorted.

Mercator

Popular variations with interrupted projection: _____

Areas and shapes are fairly accurate.

Distances and north-south directions are distorted.

Goode’s projection

Projection that is popular for textbooks: _____ projection

minimizes all 4 types of distortions.

Everything is distorted but only a little.

Robinson’s

Planar or _____ projections

Flat plane instead of cylinder.

Accurate in center but distorted near edges.

Good for compact areas like South America and Antarctica.

azimuthal

_____ projection

useful for showing wide regions, like the United States.

conic

Topographic, contour, or _____ map - has contour lines of separate colors showing things like _____.

relief, altitude

Thematic map-records information of a specific region or nation’s _____, _____, or _____.

climate, population, or resources.

Parts of maps:

_____

_____-orientation of the map

_____-indicates distances

legend, compass rose, scale

2 main branches of geography-_____ geography and _____ geography.

physical, human

Names of the lines that helps us find things on globes and maps: _____ and _____.

longitude, latitude

0 degree line of longitude: _____

These lines are labeled with ______ and _____

These lines show the distance _____ and _____ of the _____.

prime meridian, east, west, east, west, prime meridian

0 degree line of latitude: _____

These lines are labeled with ______ and _____

These lines show the distance _____ and _____ of the _____.

equator, north, south, north, south, equator

Name for people that make maps:_____

cartographers

4 areas that can be distorted on a map:

_____

_____

_____

_____

areas, distances, compass directions, shape

Cartographers use _____ to separate colors on a relief map.

contour lines

the system of customs and traditions and habits that a group of people use to make something of their world is _____.

culture

_____-all cultures are equally valid and no culture is better than another.

_____-an island that would be part of a nearby continent if the ocean was a little lower.

continental island

_____-an island that is a rise from the ocean floor

oceanic island

_____-variation in landscape

ex. mountains, plains, plateaus

landform

mountains influence:

_____(short term)

_____(long term)

_____

patterns of the ways of _____

cultures, languages, dialects and national borders are often defined by mountain ranges.

weather, climate, vegetation, human settlement

_____-wide areas of level land

not always totally flat

most valuable landform for _____

plains, farmers

Rivers that bring water and sediment from the mountains and a soil rich in minerals are called _____.

alluvian

_____-wide areas of relatively flat land, like plains, but they rise abruptly above surrounding land.

plateaus

Kinds of plateaus:

_____-plateaus between mountains and the coast

_____-plateaus between mountains

_____-plateaus that stretch across large parts of a continent

piedmont, intermountain, continental

rivers that feed other rivers are called _____

tributaries

_____-a main river and all of its tributaries

river system

_____-amount of water from a river flowing out into the ocean.

discharge

_____-arm of the ocean partially enclosed by land

seas

_____-a smaller, sheltered body of deep water next to the shore

harbor

_____-areas of stagnant water

wetlands

_____-spongy areas that look dry but are converted with wet organic materials

bog

_____-visible standing water with grasses and small water plants that survive their roots submerged.

marsh

_____-covered by standing water. Have large trees, marshes do not.

swamps

_____-people’s hard work to make a living

industry

_____ industry-most basic, relating directly to interacting with land and water. people take from the earth materials necessary for food, clothes, and shelter

primary

The two types of agriculture are _____ and _____.

farming, animal husbandry

_____-providing only enough for their families

subsistence

Subsistence animal husbandry is known as _____ and commercial animal husbandry is known as _____.

nomadic herding, ranching

What percent of the earth's water is fresh?

Less than 3%

Where is  the mouth of a river

Where the river empties into the ocean

Wide area of level land, most valuable landform for farmers. 

Plain

What is the system of customs, traditions, and habits that a group of people uses to make something of their world?

Culture

What are the 3 types of metals

precious metals, common metals, nonmetal minerals

Is it possible to avoid all distortions on a flat map?

no

What divides the earth into northern and southern hemispheres

equator

What is the arm of the ocean partially enclosed by land?

Sea

What is the largest lake in the world?

Caspian Sea

An area of flat land that rises above the surrounding land.

Plateau

What is the largest system of freshwater lakes in the world?

Great Lakes

A deep valley with steep sides usually carved by a river.

Canyon

What is another name for longitude and latitude?

Meridian and parallels

What is an archipelago?

a group of islands

What are the 4 types of primary industry? (The major groups, not what makes up the groups)

agriculure, fishing, mining, forestry

largest freshwater lake

Lake Superior

largest saltwater lake

Caspian Sea

highest navigable lake

Lake Titicaca

largest lake in Africa

Lake Victoria

deepest lake

Lake Baikal