Age of Metternich & Unification of Germany

based off notes, textbook, and study guide

Quadruple Alliance

Alliance between Austria, Prussia, Russia and Great Britain.

• To maintain European Power after the Napoleonic Wars

Conservatives

Wanted to keep old social orders such as monarchy, and aristocracy. They were opposed to revolution and wanted elite leadership.

Liberals

Wanted a constitutional government, beloved in individual rights and liberty. On many cases liberalism also tied with nationalism. These people did not like monarch governments.

Nationalism

identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.

Wilhelm IV

King Frederick William IV of Prussia rejected the offer of the imperial crown from the Frankfurt Assembly

Otto Von Bismarck 

German “Iron” chancellor, came from Prussia’s junker class, most known for his work in the unification of Germany 

Chancellor

The highest official of a country

Realpolitik

Realistic policies based off the needs of the state

Franco-Prussian War

It led directly to the creation of the German Empire, also shifted European power after Germany beat #2 most powerful country

Austro-Prussian War

Shifting the balance of power in Europe, establishing Prussian dominance over German affairs, and paving the way for German unification under Prussian leadership

Kulturkampf

Making Catholics put political unity above religious allegiance

Kaiser =

King

Camillo Cavour

King Victor Emmanuels prime minister, we was known as “the brains” during Italian unification, came from Sardinia

King Victor Emmanuel

King of Sardinia who wanted to unite Italy to gain more power

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Long time nationalist and ally of Mazzini, known as “the sword” during Italian unification, he gathered the red shirts to conquer the South of Italy than he gave the power to Emmanuel

Giuseppe Mazzini

Known as “the soul” of Italian unification, created the secret society called “Young Italy”. He inspired ideas for Italian unification