Gas Laws Part 1 (Properties of Gases, Boyle's Law)

The scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a natural science that covers the elements that make up matter to the compounds composed of atoms, molecules and ions:

Chemistry

Three states of matter

Solid, Liquid, Gas

Gases are describe in terms of four properties:

Pressure, Volume, Temperature, Amount

The force exerted by a gas against the walls of the container

Pressure (P)

Units for Pressure

atmosphere (atm); mm Hg; torr; kilopascal (KPa)

Value of Units of Pressure

1 atm= 760 mm Hg= 760 torr= 101.325 KPa= 14.7 psi

The space occupied by the gas

Volume

Units for Volume

liter (L); milliliter (mL); cubic meter; cubic centimeter

Value of Units for Volume

1 Liter= 1000 mL, 1 mL= 1 cubic centimeter

Determines the kinetic energy and rate of motion of the gas particles.

Temperature (T)

Units for Temperature

Celsius (°C); Kelvin (K); Fahrenheit

(° F)

Value of Units for Temperature

Celsius to Fahrenheit

° F = 9/5 ( ° C) + 32

Temperature (T)

Determines the kinetic energy and rate of motion of the gas particles.

Celsius (°C); Kelvin (K); Fahrenheit

(° F)

Celsius to Kelvin

K = ° C + 273

Fahrenheit to Celsius

° C = 5/9 (° F - 32

The quantity of gas present in a container

Amount (n)

Units for Amount

grams (g); moles (n) requires in calculations

What is Avogadro’s Number

6.02214076 × 10 ^ 23

Is the number of particles in one mole of any substance. It’s used to make very large numbers easy to handle. It is also the conversion between moles and grams depends on this

Avogadro’s Number

also called Mariotte’s law,(The relationship was also discovered by the French physicist Edme Mariotte (1676). a relation concerning the compression and expansion of a gas at constant temperature.

Boyle’s Law

-This empirical relation, formulated by the physicist _____ in 1662, states that the pressure (P) of a given quantity of gas varies inversely with its volume (V) at constant temperature.

Robert Boyle

This increases volume and decreases pressure

Pulling up

This decreases volume and increases pressure

Pushing down

The graph of Boyle's law is called the _____. This graph of Boyle's law is not straight but _________; this is because the statement says that at a constant temperature the pressure and the volume are inversely proportional. So when the pressure is increased the volume decreases and vice-versa.

PV curve, hyperbolic

Mathematically, Boyle's law can be stated as:

PV = k

Demonstration of Boyle's law showing that for a given mass, at constant _________, the pressure times the volume is a constant.

temperature

When the temperature is constant, this equation is used to compare different conditions on the same solution

P1V1=P2V2

Pressure is inversely related to volume

P ∝ 1/V

Pressure multiplied by volume equals the k constant

PV = k

Applications of Boyle’s Law

Spray Paint

Human Breathing

Working of Syringe

Storage of Gas

Bicycle Pump

Scuba Diving