Functional Groups and Naming

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14 Terms

1
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Explain the reactivity of alkanes

  • Unreactive

  • This is due to all the bonds being strong(sigma bonds) and non-polar

2
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Explain the reactivity of alkenes

  • They are reactive due to the double bond being a weaker pi bond which can easily be broken

3
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State the most common use for alkanes

  • To be combusted

4
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State and explain the products of incomplete combustion

  • CO2 + CO + C + H2O

  • It forms CO and C due to the products not being fully oxidised due to oxygen not being in excess

5
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Explain why the formation of CO and C is harmful

  • CO - Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas which when inhaled goes into the blood and binds with haemoglobin instead of oxygen therefore meaning less oxygen is carried around in the blood and could lead to suffocation

  • C - Carbon solid(soot) is a carcinogen

6
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State the function groups of:

  1. Haloalkanes

  2. Alkanes

  3. Alcohols

  4. Aldehydes

  5. Carboxylic acids

  6. Amides

  7. Nitriles

  8. Alkynes

  9. Ethers

  10. Ketones

  11. Esters

  12. Amines

  1. Haloalkanes: C-Cl, C-Br, C-I

  2. Alkenes: C=C

  3. Alcohols: -OH

  4. Aldehydes: CHO

  5. Carboxylic acids: -COOH

  6. Amides: -CONH-

  7. Nitriles: - C≡N

  8. Alkynes: C≡C

  9. Ethers: C-O-C

  10. Ketones: C=O

  11. Esters: -COO-

  12. Amines - NH2

7
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State the 3 types of structural isomers

  • Chain Isomers

  • Positional isomers

  • Functional Group isomers

8
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State what is meant by a chain isomer

  • An isomer of a molecule with a branched carbon

9
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State what is meant by a positional isomer

  • An isomer where the same functional group in the molecule is on a different carbon

10
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State what is meant by a Functional group isomer

  • An isomer with different functional group in the molecule

11
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Put the following groups in the order of their priority when naming:

  1. Carboxylic acid

  2. Aldehyde

  3. Nitrile

  4. Alkyl

  5. Ketone

  6. Halide: Floro, Cholor, Bromo, Iodo

  7. Alcohol

  8. Alkene

  • Top priority:

    1. Carboxylic acid

    2. Nitrile

    3. Aldehyde

    4. Ketone

    5. Alcohol

    6. Alkene

    7. Halide:

      1. Floro

      2. Chloro

      3. Bromo

      4. Iodo

    8. Alkyl

12
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State what the propriety of the molecule means when naming molecules

  • Groups with a higher propriety will have the smaller number than a group with less priority in the same molecule

13
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State how to name Alkenes

  • Number the position of the C=C and add an -ene

  • For example:

    • if the C=C is on the first carbon of a pentene molecule, it will be Pent-1-ene

14
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