Medical Terminology - Chapter 1 Vocabulary Review

Flashcards covering medical terminology, including affixes, conditions, and definitions.

acanthocytosis

A condition characterized by having spiny cells (acanthocytes) in the blood.

acephalia

A congenital condition marked by the absence of a head.

allostery

A condition related to the spatial arrangement of atoms in a compound; alteration of a regulatory site on a protein that changes its shape and activity.

alogia

A condition characterized by the inability to speak.

analgesic

Relieving pain; pertaining to the absence of pain.

angiology

The study of blood vessels and lymphatics.

antibiotic

A substance opposing the action of microorganisms or harmful agents.

apraxia

Inability to perform purposive movements or use objects properly despite intact sensory and motor function.

arthritis

Inflammation of the joints, often accompanied by pain.

arthrology

The scientific study of joints.

arthrosclerosis

A condition involving the stiffening or hardening of the joints, especially in older individuals.

biologist

A specialist in biology, the science of life and living organisms.

bradycardia

An abnormally slow heartbeat.

cardioangiology

The study of the heart and blood vessels.

dysostosis

A condition involving defective ossification or formation of bone.

ectostosis

Abnormal formation of bone beneath the periosteum.

encephalolith

A stone or calculus located within the brain.

endarteritis

Inflammation of the inner lining of a blood vessel.

endosteum

Membrane lining the marrow cavity of a bone.

endotoxin

A toxin released when a bacterial cell disintegrates, present inside the cell.

epinephrine

A catecholamine produced by the adrenal gland that helps regulate stress responses.

episcleritis

Inflammation of the tissue covering the outer layer of the eye.

erythrocyte

A mature red blood cell.

erythroleukemia

A variant of leukemia characterized by the presence of both red and white blood cells.

erythrosis

A reddish-purple discoloration of the skin in certain conditions.

exocardia

Congenital abnormal positioning of the heart outside its normal location.

exotoxin

A toxin produced and released into the surrounding environment by a living bacterial cell.

hemicrania

Unilateral head pain often associated with migraines.

hypalgesia

Reduced sensitivity to pain.

hyperalgesia

Increased sensitivity to pain.

hyperostosis

Abnormal growth of bone tissue.

leukotoxin

A toxin that destroys white blood cells.

lithiasis

The presence of stones in the body.

mesocardia

A condition characterized by the location of the heart in the midline of the thorax.

nephrolithiasis

The presence of calculi (stones) in the kidney.

nephrosclerosis

Hardening of the connective tissue in the kidneys.

neuritis

Inflammation of a nerve.

osteometry

The measurement of bones and their relationships in the skeleton.

osteosclerosis

An abnormal increase in the thickening and density of bone.

ostosis

Formation and development of bone.

periocyte

A stem cell found around capillaries that may give rise to muscle cells.

perinephric

Pertaining to or located around the kidney.

scleromalacia

Softening of the sclera, the outer layer of the eyeball.

sclerosis

A hardening or induration of an organ or tissue.

stenotic

Pertaining to the narrowing or constriction of a passage.

stereology

The study of three-dimensional aspects of objects.

synosteology

The branch of medical science concerning joints and articulations.

tachycardiac

Referring to a person with an abnormally rapid heart rate.