Philippine National Artists and Literary Genres Review

Vocabulary-style flashcards based on lecture notes covering Philippine National Artists for Literature, regional literary forms, reading techniques, literary criticism, and genres.

National Artist in Literature

The highest national recognition given to Filipino authors who have made a significant contribution to literary writing, recommended by the CCP and NCCA.

JOSE GARCIA VILLA

National Artist for Literature ($1973$) known as the "Comma Poet" and author of "Footnote to Youth".

AMADO V. HERNANDEZ

National Artist for Literature ($1973$) known for the work "Mga Ibong Mandaragit".

NICK JOAQUIN

National Artist for Literature ($1976$) who wrote "May Day Eve", a story about bloody mary.

CARLOS P. ROMULO

National Artist for Literature ($1982$) known for the work "I Am A Filipino".

N.V.M. Gonzales

National Artist for Literature ($1990$) who wrote "The Bread of Salt", which translates to "pandesal".

FRANCISCO ARCELLANA

National Artist for Literature ($1990$) known for "The Mats".

EDITH L. TIEMPO

National Artist for Literature ($1999$) known for "A Blade of Fern".

F. SIONIL JOSE

National Artist for Literature ($2001$) known for the work "Ermita".

ALEJANDRO R. ROCES

National Artist for Literature ($2003$) known as "Anding Roces" and the "Country's Best Writer for Humorous Stories"; he changed the Philippine Independence Day date from July $4$ to June $12$.

VIRGILIO S. ALMARIO

National Artist for Literature ($2003$) associated with "Ibong Adarna".

BIENVENIDO LUMBRERA

National Artist for Literature ($2006$) known for "Sulyap at Suri sa Nababagong Lipunan".

LAZARO FRANCISCO

National Artist for Literature ($2009$) who wrote "Maganda Pa Ang Daigdig".

CIRILIO BAUTISTA

National Artist for Literature ($2014$) who wrote "The Archipelago".

My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken

A work by Alejandro R. Roces that first appeared in New Mexico Quarterly University in $1956$ under the title "Cocks and Hen".

The Doctrina Christiana

The first book in the Philippines, associated with Tagalog literature.

Dallot

An impromptu poem from the colorful literary writings of Ilocano literature.

Badeng

A form of Ilocano love song, exemplified by "PAMULINAWEN".

BIAG NI LAM-ANG

A significant work of Ilocano literature translated as "LIFE OF LAM-ANG".

Ili-ili

A popular lullaby or cradled-song in Hiligaynon literature used to develop communication skills for children.

Maranao Literature

Literature meant to be sung and influenced by Islam, often following oral traditions such as tutul (folktale) and Darangan (epic poetry).

Skimming

A reading approach where the main idea is identified quickly, typically at a speed $3$ to $4$ times faster than regular reading.

Extensive Reading

A language learning approach focused on reading large amounts of easier, enjoyable texts for fluency and volume rather than detailed analysis.

Biological criticism

A literary criticism form where readers gain insights through knowledge of the author's life.

Historical criticism

A form of criticism where readers investigate the social, cultural, and intellectual context of a literary work.

Feminist criticism

A form of criticism examining how literary material reinforces the oppression of women.

Formalist criticism

A form of criticism that emphasizes the unity and form of a literary material.

Marxist Literary criticism

A form of criticism for interrogating societies and texts regarding specific issues within a given culture.

Versification

The process of writing verses in poetry.

Imagery

The use of sense impressions in poetry: Auditory (hearing), Visual (sight), Olfactory (smell), Tactile (touch), and Gustatory (taste).

Rhymed Verse

A type of poetry verse that has a discernable meter and an end rhyme.

Blank Verse

Poetry written in regular metrical lines that are unrhymed.

Free Verse

Poetry characterized by having no fixed meter and no end rhyme.

Father of Sonnets

William Shakespeare, creator of the $14$-line poem featuring three four-line quatrains and a rhyming couplet.

Tanka

A short Japanese poem consisting of $5$ lines and $31$ syllables following a $5-7-5-7-7$ pattern.

Haiku

A short poem consisting of $3$ lines and a $5-7-5$ syllable pattern.

Tanaga

A Filipino quatrain poetry form with $4$ lines, each having $7$ syllables, featuring a monorhyme ($28$ syllables total).

Ode

A lyric poem of praise for a person or inanimate object written in a highly dignified manner.

Elegy

A poem or song written in honor of someone deceased, often in the form of elegiac couplets.

Epic

Derived from the Ancient Greek "epikos", this long narrative poem tells stories about the quests and adventures of a supernatural hero.

Joustic Poetry

A poetic debate between two people exchanging opinions; examples include Karagatan, Duplo, and Balagtasan.

Chicklit

A fiction genre addressing issues about womanhood.

Speculative Fiction

A genre encompassing fantastical themes like science fiction, horror, and weird fiction; example includes Hunger Games.

Novella

A work of fiction typically ranging from $10,000$ to $40,000$ words, shorter than a novel but longer than a short story.

Freytags Pyramid

Developed by Gustav Freytag, it consists of Exposition, Rising Action, Climax, Falling Action, and Denouement.

Tragedy

A type of drama showing the downfall and destruction of a noble hero struggling against dynamic forces.

Farce

A type of drama with exaggerated characters, swift movements, humorous events, and ridiculous situations.

OFM

A contemporary theatrical genre in the Philippines combining komedya, sarsuwela, and bodabil.

Soliloquy

A type of dialogue in drama where a character speaks their thoughts aloud while alone.